Green Synthesis of Rod Shaped ZnO using Extract of Origanum majorana Leaf and Investigation for Antibacterial Applications

Abstract

In this research article, we have fabricated the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) with help of aqueous extract of leaf of Origanum majorana and studied their antimicrobial activity. Origanum majorana is one of medicinally important plant of Lamiaceae/Labiatae family. Green-approach of NPs has been favoured over traditional synthesis methods, as plant-based extracts have phytochemicals, which are non-toxic and biologically safe. The phytochemicals such as flavonoids, derivatives of phenol and polyphenolic biomolecules are found to be in aqueous leaf extract of Origanum majorana which used as capping and reducing agents. They include many functional groups such as-OH, -C=O and more which improve the physicochemical properties of NPs and consequently affect their targeting towards specific molecules. Plant mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs with fresh leave extract of Origanun majorana is also simple, quick and provides a vast array of functionalised NPs of particular size and morphology. Herein, ZnO NPs have been prepared with 3 mL of 25% (w/v) of leaf extract of Origanum majorana (Maruva). These synthesized NPs have been characterized using PXRD (Powder X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier transform-infra-red spectroscopy), UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) with EDS (Energy dispersive spectroscopy). UV-Visible spectrum shows maximum absorbance at 379.75 nm and energy band gap have been evaluated 2.84 eV using tauc plot. Obtained PXRD pattern shows hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure which is similar as reported in the literature (JCPDS No-36-1451). The morphology of synthesized NPs has been obtained with SEM images. These NPs are rod shaped with width calculated approximately 90 nm-125 nm and length 0.5μm-1.2μm respectively. The EDS analysis shows the 51.41% of zinc (Zn) and 48.49% of oxygen (O)elemental composition of fabricated nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity has been performed on gram negative and gram positive microbes with the help of broth dilution method. These synthesized NPs shows very great bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) have been investigated 175μg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 125 μg/mL for Escherichia coli and 100 μg/mL for both the Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae respectively.

Antibacterial and Photodegradation of Organic Dyes Using Lamiaceae-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles: A Review

“…According to Vijayakumar et al [126], this is due to G− having an outer lipopolysaccharide membrane surrounding their thin peptidoglycan cell wall making it difficult for NPs to penetrate the cells. Saini and associates [123] also observed a greater antibacterial activity of Origanum majorana-mediated ZnO NPs against the G+ S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia (S. pneumonia) bacteria compared to the G− Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and the E. coli bacteria and using the broth diffusion method. The MICs were reported to be 100-125 µg/mL for E. coli, 150-175 µg/mL for P. aeruginosa, and 76-100 µg/mL for both S. aureus and S. pneumonia.…”

A Review on the Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using the Aqueous Extract of Origanum Majorana for Antimicrobial Applications

“…These nanoparticles demonstrate enhanced biocompatibility and exhibit favorable responses when interacting with biological tissue, resulting in improved performance. Consequently, there is an abundance of literature available that extensively explores the diverse bio-medical applications of ZnO-NPs, as depicted in Figure 6 [3,4,52,59].…”

“…Additionally, studies have demonstrated that ZnO-NPs synthesized by O. majorana extract display antibacterial and antifungal activity against E.coli, K.pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter cloacae, and P. aeruginosa. Saini et al [59] conducted a study to investigate the antibacterial and fungi activity of ZnO-NPs using O. majorana leaf aqueous extract. The results showed that these ZnO-NPs exhibited strong bactericidal activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. pneumoniae.…”

Biosynthesis and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.) Extract

“…and Origanum majorana leaf extract (379.75 nm) (18,23). The UV-vis band of ZnO NPs containing Calendula officinalis flower extract exhibited a peak at 355 nm using the green synthesis method (17).…”