Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Sumac Extract by Microwave- Assisted and Traditional Method: Characterization, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles were carried out by microwave assisted method (MWA) and traditional method (TDM) using sumac seed extract and the properties of particles were compared. Factors such as reaction time, temperature, pH, concentration of extract and silver ion were taken into account during the formation of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and Conductivity measurement. The UV-visible spectrum showed the surface plasmon resonance band centered at 433 and 436 nm in the MWA and TDM methods, respectively, confirming the synthesis of Ag-NPs. In SEM/EDX analysis, it was determined that the nanoparticles were spherical in structure and the amount of Ag was considerably higher than other elements. According to TEM analysis, particle sizes were found to be 22 nm with the TDM method, while particle sizes were found to be 41.85 nm with the MWA method. However, it was observed that particle sizes in the MWA method were more homogeneous and evenly distributed. In our study, a significant increase was detected in the antibacterial and antifungal activities of silver nanoparticles. In addition, it was found that both silver nanoparticles inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells and showed selective anticancer effect without showing toxicity (all cell viability values > 70%) to healthy control fibroblast cells (L929).