Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Mixed Leaves Aqueous Extract of Wild Olive and Pistachio: Characterization, Enhancing Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Potential and Effect on Virulence Factors of Candida

Abstract

Olea europaea subsp. europaea and Pistacia lentiscus are well known as natural sources of secondary metabolites promising in various fields. Phenolic compounds from Plant are suitable markers to differentiate varieties related to geographical area. This work aimed to enhance the antimicrobial potential of new green silver nanoparticles AgNPs using for the first time the mixed leaves extract of Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris and Pistacia lentiscus from natural geographical association and describe their antimicrobial, antibiofilm and their effect on virulence factor of Candida. A rapid, simple environmentally approach for biosynthesis of AgNPs by using mixed plant aqueous extract acts both as reducing and capting agents without any solvent or hazardous reagents. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR spectrum and the X-ray crystallography. The AgNPs showed superior antioxidant activity by measuring DPPH, Ferric Antioxidant Reducing Power (FRAP) and the total antioxidant activity. It was most richness with flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and total polyphenols contents compared to plant extract. The new AgNPs possess high bactericidal and fungicidal effects against clinical strains, limit spore’s germination of filamentous fungi, announcing high anti-biofilm activity, synergistic effect with the conventional antibiotic’s drugs and affecting virulence factors of Candida (Proteinase, Phospholipase and morphogenesis).