Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Euphorbia Confinalis Stem Extract, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Euphorbia Confinalis stem extract which is an eco-friendly and cost effective method compared to other synthesis protocols like chemical and physical methods. Euphorbia Confinalis which is used traditionally for therapeutic uses was responsible for capping and reducing silver ions to silver nanoparticles. Silver was of a particular interest for this process due to its evocative physical and chemical properties. The silver nanoparticles synthesized were quantified and characterized using visual examination of the color changes, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was done by agar disc diffusion method tested against Escherichia coli (Gram-Negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-Positive). The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by color change of AgNO3 to reddish brown upon addition of the Euphorbia Confinalis stem extract. The UV-Vis spectrum showed broad absorption band at 433nm corresponding to that of Surface Plasmon Resonance of silver nanoparticles. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of aromatic, aliphatic and amines and these observations suggested the presence and binding of organic compounds with silver nanoparticles.

Characterization and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared from Sclerocarya birrea Stem bark and Leaf Extracts

“…The surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) peak for the synthesized AgNPs was observed at around 430 nm. This is in agreement with previously reported work [8]. The peak intensities for AgNPs prepared from both the stem bark and leaf extracts increased with increase in sampling time, indicating increase in AgNPs concentration with reaction time.…”

“…Amongst different types of metal nanoparticles, copper, zinc, titanium, magnesium, gold and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of interest because of their potent antimicrobial activity against different types of pathogens such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia [5,6]. Silver has been recognized for producing nanoparticles having inhibitory effect on microbes present in medical and industrial processes [7,8], and the smaller the nanoparticles the greater the antimicrobial effect [9]. This makes synthesis of AgNPs using Sclerocarya birrea plant extracts the focus of this current research work.…”

Green Synthesis of Phytochemical Nanoparticles and their Antimicrobial Activity, A Review Study

“…Many research papers reported the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts such as Croton sparsiflorus (Ban tulasi) [1]; Chlorophytum borivilianum (Musli) [5]; Musa paradisiaca (Banana) [6]; Aloe vera [7]; Enteromorpha flexuosa (Green alga) [8]; salvinia molesta (Giant salvinia or exotic weed) [9]; Cissus quadrangularis (Veldt grape) [10]; Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) [11]; Azadirachta indica (Neem) [11]; Cocos nucifera (Coconut) [12]; Pithophora oedogonia (Green alga) [13]; Aegle marmelos (Bael) [14]; Dalbergia spinosa [15]; Lythrum salicaria (Purple loosestrife) [16]; Euphorbia confinalis (Spurge) [17];…”

“…The stem extract of Euphorbia confinalis from Euphorbiaceae family showed the formation of nanoparticles of spherical shaped with a size of 12-18nm. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed maximum activity against E. coli, S. aureus and analyzed by UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, and FTIR [17]. The phytochemical compounds catechin, p-coumaric acid, luteolin-7glucoside, and a nonidentified withanolide derivative present in the Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) aqueous leaf extract showed the formation of nanoparticles of spherical shaped with a size of 70 & 110nm [18].…”

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Biosynthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles

“…Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from plant extract and silver nitrate solutionis are costing less and eco-friendly.This reaction includes a bio reduction of the Ag ion to AgNPs as a phytochemical compound in the plant extract. Terpiond, flavones ,ketone, aldehyde, amid and carboxylic acid are the primary phytochemical involved [5]. Plants appear to be the best candidates among these organisms are suitable for large scale nanoparticles biosynthesis.…”