Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Angelica Gigas Fabricated by Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology for Enhanced Antifungal Effects

Abstract

Green synthesis for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been suggested as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional physical/chemical methods. In this study, we report the green synthesis of AgNPs using a hot-melt extrusion-processed Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) (HME-AGN) extract as a reducing agent to increase the water solubility of the active ingredient compared to the existing AGN. The mixture of the AGN extract and AgNO3 at about 420 nm could not confirm the formation of AgNPs. The synthesis of AgNPs was found to be most advantageous at 60 °C when the mixing ratio of the HME-AGN extract was 9:1 (AgNO3–extract, v/v) using 3 mM AgNO3. The physicochemical properties of the optimized AgNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). DLS showed the particle size average of 102.3 ± 1.35 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.314 ± 0.01. The particle surface charge was −35 ± 0.79 mV, confirming the stability of the particles. The particle shape was spherical, as shown through TEM analysis, and the presence of silver ions was confirmed through the EDS results. FT-IR data showed functional groups of biomolecules of the extract involved in the synthesis of AgNPs. The face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice of AgNPs was confirmed in the XRD pattern. The AgNPs had an effective antifungal activity against Candida albicans (C. albicans) that was better than that of the HME-AGN extract. In conclusion, this study suggests that the synthesis of AgNPs was improved by using the HME-AGN extract with increased water solubility through HME. In addition, it was suggested that the synthesized AgNPs can be used as an improved antifungal agent compared with the HME-AGN extract with antifungal activity.

Bimetallic nanoparticles and biochar produced by Adansonia Digitata shell and their effect against tomato pathogenic fungi

“…The AgNPs had a size of 102.3 nm as shown in Fig. 3A , similar range of observation was noted for AgNPs fabricated by Angelica gigas that showed an average size of 102 nm ( Ryu, Nam & Baek, 2022 ). Figure 4A displayed an average size of 183.5 nm for FeONPs, a similar finding was reported by Umair (2022) who applied Elwendia persicum for FeONPs fabrication which showed an average size of 194.5 nm.…”

Large-scale production of myco-fabricated ZnO/MnO nanocomposite using endophytic Colonstachys rosea with its antimicrobial efficacy against human pathogens

“…On the other hand, low zeta potential levels lead to faster flocculation of NPs and reduced stability of nano-suspensions 92 . Stable nano-suspensions are defined as nanoparticles with zeta potentials greater than or equal to + 30 or −30 mV 39 . The zeta potential value is found to be (−25.2 ± 7.6 mV), indicating that the myco-fabricated ZnO/MnO nanocomposite is more stable in aqueous suspension (Fig.…”

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Evaluating Antioxidant Performance, Biosafety, and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Houttuynia cordata Extract and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nano-Antibiotics

“…Evaluating the antifungal efficacy of MW10 HCE-AgNPs was also considered crucial. To that end, colony-forming unit (CFU) experiments on agar plates (agar plate method) were conducted against two fungal strains, including Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) [38]. Compared to the untreated mycological strains, the result in Figure 6a shows that in the treatment with MW10 HCE-AgNPs, the mortality rate was 97.5% for C. albicans and 98.6% for T. rubrum, respectively.…”