Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using theLotus lalambensisAqueous Leaf Extract and Their Anti-Candidal Activity against Oral Candidiasis

Abstract

Oral candidiasis is widely spread in both humans and animals, which is caused mainly by Candida albicans. In this study, we aimed to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the first time using the Lotus lalambensis Schweinf leaf extract (L-AgNPs) and investigated their anti-candidal potency alone or in combination with the leaf extract of L. lalambensis (L-AgNPs/LL) against C. albicans. The biosynthesized L-AgNPs were characterized by imaging (transmission electron microscopy, TEM), UV−vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the disk diffusion method showed the potent synergistic anti-candidal activity of L-AgNPs/ LL (24 mm inhibition zone). L-AgNPs/LL completely inhibited the morphogenesis of C. albicans and suppressed the adhesion and the formation of the biofilm of C. albicans by 82.5 and 78.7%, respectively. Further, L-AgNPs/LL inhibited the production of antioxidant enzymes of C. albicans by 80%. SEM and TEM revealed deteriorations in the cell wall ultrastructure in L-AgNPs/LL-treated C. albicans. Interestingly, L-AgNPs/LL showed less than 5% cytotoxicity when examined with either the primary bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) or MCF-7 cell line at MIC values of L-AgNPs/LL. In conclusion, we identified L-AgNPs/LL as a potential biosynthesized-based drug for oral candidiasis in humans and animals.

Effective Inhibition of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis by Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized with Artemisia sieberi Leaf Extract

“…Our in vitro data showed no cytotoxicity of AgNPs up to a concentration of 100 ug/mL. In consistent, AgNPs showed no toxicity on human-adipose-derived stem cells [ 81 ] and the MCF-7 cell line [ 26 ]. However, the in vitro toxicity of AgNPs varies from one study to the other based on many factors, including manufacturing methods, size distributions, the cell line used, and culture conditions [ 82 ].…”

“…Several studies have reported the anti-biofilm activity of biosynthesized AgNPs by a decrease in their biomass and complex and formation of a vesicle transit station which play a major role in the hyphal morphogenesis [ 78 , 79 ]. In this context, we previously showed that biosynthesized AgNPs using different plant extracts display powerful antibiofilm action against C. albicans [ 25 , 26 ]. Similarly, [ 80 ] showed that AgNP-treated C. albicans biofilm have no true hyphae, and there was a clear reduction in the number of cells, and disruption of the cell wall was also observed.…”

“…Engineered, biofabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in many biomedical applications due to their antimicrobial properties [ 20 , 21 ] and AgNPs were effectively used to combat A. fumigatus [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. We recently reported the efficient inhibition of candidiasis by biosynthesized AgNPs using the plant extract of Calotropis gigantea or Lotus lalambenesis [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Green Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Different Plants’ Parts for Antimicrobial Activity and Anticancer Activity: A Review Article

“…These particles also showed potential anti-bacterial activity toward S. pyogenes (ZOI = 14 ± 0.4 mm), S. aureus (ZOI = 16 ± 0.1 mm), B. subtilis (ZOI = 15 ± 0.3 mm), P. aeruginosa (ZOI = 21 ± 0.5 mm), S. typhi (ZOI = 19 ± 0.4 mm), and E. coli (ZOI = 17 ± 0.1 mm) [202]. In another study, Abdallah, Basem M., et al aimed to produce silver nanoparticles from Lotus lalambensis aqueous leaf extract and their anticandidal activity toward C. albicans (MIC = 125 µg/mL) [203]. Spherical silver nanoparticles were produced utilizing Symplocos racemosa.…”

Facile and Eco-Friendly Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Leaf Extract to Study Antibiofilm and Anticancer Properties against Candida albicans

“…Leaves being a major source of the plants biological process were explored vastly for nanoparticle synthesis. e leaves of Lotus lalambensis and AgNPs synthesized have shown protective effect against oral candidiasis [14]. e synthesis of AgNPs from leaf extracts of Semecarpus anacardium, Glochidion lanceolarium, and Bridelia retusa has shown antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against human pathogens.…”