Green Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Ocimum sanctum Leaf Extract: In Vitro Characterization and Its Healing Efficacy in Diabetic Wounds

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired glucose metabolism. Overproduction of free radicals due to chronic hyperglycemia may cause oxidative stress, which delays wound healing in diabetic conditions. For people with diabetes, this impeded wound healing is one of the predominant reasons for mortality and morbidity. The study aimed to develop an Ocimum sanctum leaf extract-mediated green synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and further incorporate them into 2% chitosan (CS) gel for diabetic wound healing. UV-visible spectrum analysis recorded the sharp peak at 235 and 320 nm, and this was the preliminary sign for the biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs. The FTIR analysis was used to perform a qualitative validation of the biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD analysis indicated the crystallinity of TiO2 NPs in anatase form. Microscopic investigation revealed that TiO2 NPs were spherical and polygonal in shape, with sizes ranging from 75 to 123 nm. The EDX analysis of green synthesized NPs showed the presence of TiO2 NPs, demonstrating the peak of titanium ion and oxygen. The hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of the TiO2 NPs were found to be 130.3 nm and 0.237, respectively. The developed TiO2 NPs containing CS gel exhibited the desired thixotropic properties with pseudoplastic behavior. In vivo wound healing studies and histopathological investigations of healed wounds demonstrated the excellent wound-healing efficacy of TiO2 NPs containing CS gel in diabetic rats.

Nanoengineered chitosan functionalized titanium dioxide biohybrids for bacterial infections and cancer therapy

“…1 a. The pattern observed in the lower region of 2θ from 10 to 27° indicates the characteristic peak of chitosan 50 , 51 . The XRD peaks observed at 27.214, 35.855, 38.987, 41.019, 43.845, 54.1, 56.425, 62.495, 63.824, 68.771, 69.558, 72.267 and 76.454° correspond to (110), (101), (200), (111), (210), (211), (220), (002), (310), (301), (112), (311) and (202) planes respectively.…”

Facile sonochemically-assisted bioengineering of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and deciphering their potential in treating breast and lung cancers: biological, molecular, and computational-based investigations

“…OBO is prosperous with several bioreductants and capping agents, as evident from the GC-LC analysis, thus, it was exploited for the one-step facile green synthesis of TiO 2 NPs with the help of ultrasonic waves. 31,[46][47][48] 3.1. Chemical analysis of the extracted OBO using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)…”

“…This is in line with previously reported studies of TiO 2 nanoparticles. 46,56 3.2.4. Structural analysis of TiO 2 NPs.…”

Pure Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-Assisted Green Synthesis of Highly Stable Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

“…Spectra of the dried particles revealed an absorption peak at around 395 nm for both samples, which according to previous studies could be assigned to TiO 2 . Even though the specific absorbance peak slightly varied in studies dealing with green synthesis of TiO 2 NPs, their spectrum was defined by a strong absorbance of the UV light, below the 400 nm wavelength [36,[46][47][48]. The additional peaks occurring at 226 nm/232 nm might indicate residual traces from the TTIP precursor solution which registered various peaks up to the wavelength of 233 nm.…”