The novel copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Ageratum houstonianum Mill. (AHLE). The green synthesized AH-CuNPs have a useful dye degradation property in the existence of daylight. The photocatalytic activity of AH-CuNPs was evaluated against an azo dye congo red (CR), whereas, same NPs displayed no effect on other dyes. The CR was completely degraded within 2 h, and the reaction rate was followed by pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant was recorded 3.1× 10 −4 s −1 , (R2=0.9359). Antibacterial activity of green synthesized AH-CuNPs was studied against gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (MTCC no. 40), and a significant growth inhibition was recorded with 12.43±0.233 mm zone of inhibition. The AH-CuNPs were characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TEM, and zeta particle size analyzer. Ageratum houstonianum mediated green synthesized copper nanoparticles (AH-CuNPs) were cubic, hexagonal, and rectangular in shape, with average size of ∼80 nm. The optical band gap was 4.5 eV, which was investigated using UV-visible spectroscopy, and the band gap value revealed that AH-CuNPs were semiconductor materials.
Abbreviations
Cu Copper
CuNPsCopper nanoparticles CuCl 2 Copper chloride AH Ageratum houstonianum AHLE Ageratum houstonianum leaf extract AgNPs Silver nanoparticles AH-AgNPs Ageratum houstonianum mediated bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles UV-vis UV-visible spectrophotometer FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectrum SEM Scanning electron microscopy TEM Transmission electron microscopy XRD X-ray diffraction Min. Minutes Hrs Hours MB Methylene blue MO Methyl orange Rh-B Rhodamine-B CR Congo red DDW Double distilled water 1. Introduction In recent years, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn the attention of researchers due to their significant applications in the field of material science, life science, agriculture, and pharmaceutics [1-3]. The amalgamation of biological technique with metal NPs has generated a new area of nanomedicine [4]. The unique characters of NPs like, high yield strength, high surface-to-volume ratio, rigidity, flexibility, specific magnetization, and quantum size are remarkable and contrary to bulk materials with the same chemical composition [5]. Among the metal NPs, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have maintained to attain public interest due to its high electrical conductivity, low electrochemical migration, magnificent solderability, high melting point [6], optical, and catalytic properties [7], being used in sensors [8], solar cells [9], information storage [10], heat transfer systems [11], textiles [12], water treatment [13], and antimicrobial coating material in surgical tools [14]. In addition, the synthesis of CuNPs is cheaper when compared to other noble metal NPs of platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). Various physicochemical methods are used for the synthesis of NPs, which include thermal decomposition [15], electrochemical reduction [16], vapor deposition [17], microwave irradiation [18], so...