Greenhouse Evaluation of Struvite and Sludges from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Works as Phosphorus Sources for Plants

Plaza, César; Sanz, Roberto; Clemente, Cristina; Fernández, José M.; González, Ricardo; Polo, Alfredo; Colmenarejo, M.F.

doi:10.1021/jf071563y

Cited by 78 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These results corroborate findings from numerous other studies that demonstrated various recovered struvite products to be of similar effectiveness to commercial P fertilizers for yields of spring wheat (Massey et al, 2009), corn (Barak and Stafford, 2006;Gell et al, 2011), and ryegrass (Antonini et al, 2012;Johnston and Richards, 2003;Plaza et al, 2007). In contrast, Ackerman et al (2013) reported lower canola DMY and P Cs ´ S <0.001 0.22 † Two-, three-, four-, and five-way interactions with P > 0.1 for both parameters are not presented.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In a greenhouse experiment using Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and corn, DMY and P uptake from various urine-and manure-recovered struvites equaled or exceeded those for Cederan phosphate fertilizer (Antonini et al, 2012). Plaza et al (2007) reported that struvite recovered from an anaerobic digester supernatant was as effective as single superphosphate at increasing DMY and supplying P to perennial ryegrass. Similarly, wastewater-derived struvites gave spring wheat DMY similar to triple superphosphate fertilizer in slightly acidic (pH 6.5) and alkaline (pH 7.6) soils (Massey et al, 2009).…”

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Hog‐Manure‐Recovered Struvite: Effects on Canola and Wheat Biomass Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiencies

Katanda

Zvomuya

Flaten

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Recovery of manure P as magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH 4 PO 4 •6H 2 O), commonly known as struvite, can mitigate the risk of P contamination of surface water bodies from hog operations. The slow release of P from struvite may help improve crop P use efficiency. This greenhouse bioassay evaluated the agronomic effectiveness of liquid hog manure recovered struvite. Struvite, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and polymercoated MAP (CMAP) were evaluated for canola (Brassica napus L.) grown in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in two low soil test P (Olsen P < 6 mg kg −1 ) soils: a sandy Gleyed Regosol (Typic Haplaquent) and a clay loamy Orthic Black Chernozem (Udic Boroll). The fertilizers were applied either in the seed row or in a sideband at 1.1 and 2.2 g P m −2 rates. In both soils, struvite produced canola dry matter (DM) yield (DMY, 2.4 g kg −1 soil), P uptake (5.9 mg P kg −1 soil), P recovery efficiency (43%), and agronomic efficiency (0.15 g DM mg −1 P) that were similar to those of MAP and CMAP in the first crop phase. Moreover, at the 2.2 g P m −2 rate, struvite produced significantly greater canola DMY than MAP in the second crop phase and both MAP and CMAP in the third crop phase. Overall, wheat did not produce significant responses to P fertilization. These results indicate that struvite recovered from liquid hog manure can supply sufficient P to sustain yields and P use efficiency matching or exceeding those for MAP.Abbreviations: AE, agronomic efficiency; CMAP, polymer-coated monoammonium phosphate; DM, dry matter; DMY, dry matter yield; EC, electrical conductivity; ICP-OES, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; MAP, monoammonium phosphate; PRE, phosphorus recovery efficiency; PU, phosphorus uptake; RO, reverse osmosis; STP, soil test phosphorus. Intensive hog production in western Canada generates manure at an estimated rate of >16 Tg annually (Hofmann, 2013). Manitoba, which has the third largest hog population (2.8 million as of January 2014) of all Canadian provinces (12.7 million hogs total), accounts for about 20% of Canada's daily hog manure output (Statistics Canada, 2014a).Manure from hog operations is typically applied on agricultural land as a source of nutrients for crops. Current regulations in many jurisdictions, including Manitoba, now require that manure be applied based on crop P needs. This is because the N/P ratios of hog manures (2:1-4:1) are typically lower than crop uptake ratios (4:1-7:1) (Nelson and Janke, 2007), with the result that repeated manure applications based on crop N needs can lead to excessive soil test P (STP) levels. Therefore, the amount of hog manure that can be applied on agricultural land without risking noncompliance with the increasingly stringent regulations is limited. Finding suitable land proximal to hog operations can be a daunting task, particularly where soils have received repeated manure applications. This Core Ideas: Yeukai Katanda• Struvite recovered from liquid hog manure is a slow-release P source....

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Hog‐Manure‐Recovered Struvite: Effects on Canola and Wheat Biomass Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiencies

Katanda

Zvomuya

Flaten

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…It is known that water-soluble P fertilizer is generally considered to be fully plant available, and the P uptake from struvite has been studied in the greenhouse with a variety of test plants on soils compared with commercial P fertilizer. [8][9][10][11] evaluated the availability of urine-derived struvite as fertilizer and found that struvite led to biomass yield and P uptake comparable to or higher than those induced by a commercial mineral fertilizer. A few reports of the comparison of soils with different pH values can be found in previous research.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Soil and Irrigation Water pH on the Availability of Phosphorus in Struvite Derived from Urine through a Greenhouse Pot Experiment

Liu

Tao²,

Wen

et al. 2016

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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One greenhouse pot experiment was used to investigate the availability of phosphorus in struvite derived from urine affected by soil pH (cinnamon soil, pH 7.3; paddy soil, pH 5.3) and irrigation water (pH 6.0 and 7.5) with bird rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.). The biomass of applied struvite in paddy soil was significantly greater than that of applied calcium superphosphate. However, statistically significant differences were not observed in cinnamon soil. Soil-applied struvite had a higher Olsen P compared to soil-applied calcium superphosphate irrespective of soil type. The biomass of applied struvite and irrigation with pH 6.0 water was greater compared to that with irrigation with pH 7.3 water irrespective of soil type, accompanied with significantly higher leaf chlorophyll concentration. Therefore, struvite has the potential to be an effective P fertilizer, and acidic irrigation water has greater influence on the availability of phosphorus in struvite than does acidic soil. KEYWORDS: struvite, phosphorus, plant availability, soil, irrigation water ■ INTRODUCTIONPhosphorus (P), as an indispensable resource, is an essential nutrient for crop growth. The depletion timeline of P rock reserves ranges from 30 to 300 years.1 Although this estimation provides substantial uncertainty and more accurate data are lacking, there is no doubt regarding the irreversible depletion of high-concentration rock P reserves and the decline of the quality of the reserves (such as % P and presence of impurities) over time, 1 resulting in higher economic and energy cost for P exploitation. If P can be recovered in an economical way, it can re-enter the agricultural supply chain, displacing the consumption of traditional P fertilizer. It helps to create an ecofriendly environment by reducing the need for P rock 2 and to alleviate the P load emissions to water bodies. Human urine accounts for approximately 50% of the total P load in municipal wastewater, with <1% of the total wastewater volume.3 Direct application of urine in agriculture is feasible in practice. 4 However, huge quantities of separated urine are often difficult to transport and to store due to its unpleasant odor. Furthermore, health risk due to micropollutants and nitrogen (N) loss due to ammonia volatilization will be unavoidable during the application of urine to soil. Therefore, P recovery from urine in the form of struvite crystals will be a promising option with easy transportation, hygiene safety, and less nutrient loss.Struvite crystal is formed with an equal molar concentrations of magnesium (Mg), ammonium, and phosphate combined with six water molecules (MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O), which contains 5.7% N, 12.6% P, and 9.9% Mg by weight. The solubility of struvite is highly dependent on pH, 5 and it is sparingly soluble in neutral and alkaline solutions, but readily soluble in acid solution. The P in the urine is mainly present as inorganic phosphate, and struvite obtained from urine has the advantages of higher P 2 O 5 content (28.9%) compared to common ...

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“…The solubility of pure MAP is considered to be low, 0.23 g L -1 , compared with about 18 g L -1 for Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 (Weast 1970). In spite of this low solubility several studies have found that struvite from sewage sludge is as effective as water-soluble P fertilizers in alkaline, neutral and slightly acid soils (Johnston and Richards 2003;Plaza et al 2007;Massey et al 2009). This shows that in spite of the low solubility of MAP, the soil provides conditions that favour its solubilization.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of recycled P products as P fertilizers, as evaluated in pot experiments

Cabeza

Steingrobe

Römer

et al. 2011

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

186

125

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World phosphorus (P) resources are limited and may be exhausted within 70-175 years. Therefore recycling of P from waste materials by chemical or thermal processes is important. This study evaluated the effectiveness of recycled P products from sewage sludge and animal wastes as P fertilizer. Four products were obtained from chemical processes, three magnesium-ammoniumphosphates (MAP) of different sewage treatment plants and a Ca phosphate precipitated from wastewater (Ca-P) and four from thermal processes, an alkali sinter phosphate (Sinter-P), a heavy metal depleted sewage sludge ash (Sl-ash), a cupola furnace slag made from sewage sludge (Cupola slag) and a meat-and-bone meal ash (MB meal ash). The effectiveness of these products as P fertilizers compared with triple superphosphate (TSP) and phosphate rock (PR) was determined in a 2-year pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L., cv. Atletico) in two soils with contrasting pH (pH(CaCl 2 ) 4.7 and 6.6). The parameters used to evaluate the effectiveness were P uptake, P concentration in soil solution (C Li ) and isotopically exchangeable P (IEP). MAP products were as effective as TSP in both soils, while Ca-P was only effective in the acid soil. Sinter-P was as effective as TSP in the acid soil, while Cupola slag was in the neutral soil. The products Sl-ash and MB meal ash were of low effectiveness and were comparable to PR. The effect of the fertilizers on IEP, but not on C Li , described their effectiveness. Recycled P products obtained by chemical processes, especially MAP, could be directly applied as P fertilizers, while products such as Sl-ash and MB meal ash are potential raw materials for P fertilizer production.Keywords Phosphorus recycled products Á P fertilizer efficiency Á Isotopically exchangeable P Á P in soil solution Á Struvite Á Ash Á Slag Á Soil reaction Abbreviations P-0 Unfertilized TSP-60 Triple superphosphate (60 mg P kg -1 ) TSP-200 Triple superphosphate (200 mg P kg -1 ) PR Phosphate rock Ca-P Calcium phosphate MAP-Sb Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (MAP) Seaborne

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Greenhouse Evaluation of Struvite and Sludges from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Works as Phosphorus Sources for Plants

Cited by 78 publications

References 37 publications

Hog‐Manure‐Recovered Struvite: Effects on Canola and Wheat Biomass Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiencies

Hog‐Manure‐Recovered Struvite: Effects on Canola and Wheat Biomass Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiencies

Influence of Soil and Irrigation Water pH on the Availability of Phosphorus in Struvite Derived from Urine through a Greenhouse Pot Experiment

Effectiveness of recycled P products as P fertilizers, as evaluated in pot experiments

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