Greenhouse Gas Abatement Potentials and Economics of Selected Biochemicals in Germany

Musonda, Frazer; Millinger, Markus; Thrän, Daniela

doi:10.3390/su12062230

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Future Work. Stand-alone versions focusing on chemical products [25,26] as well as on the heat sector [6,[27][28][29][30] have been developed, with details being planned for integration into the main model. Aspects concerning sustainable agriculture, nutrition [31] and industry are underway.…”

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for cost- and greenhouse gas optimal material and energy allocation of biomass and hydrogen

Millinger¹,

Tafarte²,

Jordan³

et al. 2022

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Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for cost- and greenhouse gas optimal material and energy allocation of biomass and hydrogen

Millinger¹,

Tafarte²,

Jordan³

et al. 2022

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“…The potential environmental or economic impacts of biorefinery implementations have been assessed several times [5,7,61]. However, major variations are observed in the results of these assessments, with allocation choices in multifunctional processes representing one of the key issues that affects the final outcome [6,13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practitioners’ Perceptions of Co-Product Allocation Methods in Biorefinery Development—A Case Study of the Austrian Pulp and Paper Industry

et al. 2022

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The utilization of coproducts is a strategy that can be applied to increase the economic and environmental performance of industrial processes and thus reach an objective targeted in several environmental policies. In multi-output production processes, allocation needs to be performed to assess the products’ environmental and economic performance. It is crucial to choose an adequate allocation method, because this choice has been shown to strongly influence overall outcomes. Consequently, rash choices can lead to poor decision-making. Various ways to apply and combine allocation methods can be found in the academic literature, but it is often difficult to find sufficient guidance on how to choose an allocation method for a specific context. This study explores practitioners’ perceptions of the cost and environmental impact allocation methods used in biorefinery development (lignin, fiber fines) by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Results indicate that professional background represents a major factor influencing individual preferences and, thus, the selection of specific allocation methods. Policy makers should be aware that practitioners with different professional backgrounds have varying preferences for different allocation methods and that this influences the overall assessments. These factors, in turn, affect the interpretation of results, further decision-making and, ultimately, the realization of environmentally sound and economically viable biorefinery projects. This issue deserves more attention in biorefineries, but also in other multi-output production processes. The findings indicate a need to consider multidisciplinary, diverse views and knowledge when conducting such assessments and to display the underlying approaches transparently.

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“…The considered chemicals, ethylene, ammonia and methanol represent a direct replacement to the major basic chemicals because they have the same chemical formula. Succinic acid on the other hand can technically replace fossil adipic acid which has a significant production volume and abatement potential in Germany (Musonda et al., 2020). For the carbon‐based chemicals (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling assessment of resource competition for renewable basic chemicals and the effect of recycling

Musonda,

Millinger,

Thrän

2024

GCB Bioenergy

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This work assesses pathways towards a net‐zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions chemical industry sector in Germany until 2050, focusing on the ammonia, methanol, ethylene and adipic acid subsectors and the effect of the recycling of C embedded in chemical end products on the GHG abatement cost and primary resource demand. This was done using a bottom‐up mathematical optimization model, including the energy sectors and the chemicals sector, with electricity and biobased options considered. Results show that net‐zero GHG emissions for the considered chemicals in 2050 are attainable at a marginal cost of 640–900 €/tCO2‐eq, even with 26%–36% of demand being satisfied by fossil production routes. This is possible because renewable organic chemicals can act as carbon sinks if, at their end of life, C is permanently stored via landfilling or passed on to the next value chain via recycling. Nonetheless, considering the cost implications, the practical deployment of renewable chemicals is a challenge. The considered renewable chemicals cost 1.3–8 times more than their fossil counterparts, resulting in a marginal CO2 price of 480 €/tCO2‐eq when all primary resources (energy crops, forest residues and renewable electricity) are considered, or 810 €/tCO2‐eq when the availability of arable land is restricted. In the transition to net‐zero emissions for the chemicals under study, a circular economy is important not only for reducing demand for primary resources as is typically the case but also reduces GHG abatement costs by 13%–24% through carbon capture and utilization effects.

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Greenhouse Gas Abatement Potentials and Economics of Selected Biochemicals in Germany

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

A model for cost- and greenhouse gas optimal material and energy allocation of biomass and hydrogen

A model for cost- and greenhouse gas optimal material and energy allocation of biomass and hydrogen

Practitioners’ Perceptions of Co-Product Allocation Methods in Biorefinery Development—A Case Study of the Austrian Pulp and Paper Industry

Modelling assessment of resource competition for renewable basic chemicals and the effect of recycling

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