Greenhouse Gas Emission fromIndian Agriculture: Trends, Drivers and Mitigation Strategies

Pathak, Himanshu

doi:10.16943/ptinsa/2015/v81i5/48333

Cited by 59 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…from cropland. The GHG emission from methane (Metric ton) reported in India in the rice field varies significantly from 3.3 to 37.5 as per the report of various scientists (Pathak et al, 2014). Hou et al (2012) also found similar observation where they found various agro-ecosystems plays a significant role in the GHG emission.…”

Section: The Analysis Of Agro-ecological Regionsmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Geospatial Understanding of Climate-Smart Agriculture and REDD+ Implementation: Indian Perspective

Ahmad¹,

Farooq

Goparaju³

et al. 2020

Ekológia (Bratislava)

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Geospatial technology has an enormous capacity to analyze large and diversified datasets for evaluating the hidden spatial relationship which provides a better comprehension of the subject and helps significantly in policymaking and planning future strategies.This study has examined the relationship among diversified remote sensing and GIS datasets such as GHG emission from cropland, rice cultivation area, agro-ecological region, Land use/Land cover (LULC) categories, long-term NDVI (1982−2006) based negative changes, agriculture vulnerability, drought-prone area and future (2021, 2050) climate change anomalies (RCP-6) of India for better understanding and knowledge of the GHG emission scenario, vegetation health, LULC, agriculture vulnerability, and future climate change impact. The LULC analysis revealed that 49.6% (1 628 959 km²) of the geographical area was found to be under category ‘cropland’. The 32.5% of the total cropland areas are used for rice cultivation whereas around 76% of this rice cultivation area is producing high GHG emission (>1000 Mg CO2 e/yr.). LULC categories ‘Cropland’ and ‘Plantation’ show the long-term (1982−2006) negative change equivalent to 19.7 and 70.2% respectively. Similarly, around 56% of LULC categories representing the forest show the long-term negative change whereas the maximum change (139 867 km²) was found in the category of ‘Deciduous Broadleaf Forest’. The 30.6% of the LULC category of ‘cropland’ falls in very high agriculture vulnerable areas whereas 31.7% of the same category falls in the drought-prone area. The significant increase in temperature and abrupt rainfall patterns were observed during Kharif and Rabi seasons in the future. Such variation of climate parameter in the future not only adversely affect the agriculture crop production but also the natural vegetation of India.The outcomes of the present study would support the policymakers of India to implement the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and REDD+ on an urgent priority based on a proper evaluation of the socio-economic condition of the poor people. It will certainly help in the reduction of GHG emission, forest amelioration, will bring the resilience in livelihood and mitigate the poverty among the rural communities for the betterment of people.

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Section: The Analysis Of Agro-ecological Regionsmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Geospatial Understanding of Climate-Smart Agriculture and REDD+ Implementation: Indian Perspective

Ahmad¹,

Farooq

Goparaju³

et al. 2020

Ekológia (Bratislava)

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“…Several studies reported that PTR produces more CH4 emissions than DSR, while DSR produces more N2O than PTR [3]. In one study, DSR and PTR produced N2O emissions of 1.2 t CO2eq ha -1 and 0.4 t CO2eq ha -1 , respectively and CH4 emissions of 0.1 t CO2eq ha -1 and 0.6 t CO2eq ha -1 , respectively [42]. In conclusion, the adoption of monocultures in RWCS contributes to global GHG emissions due to intensive agricultural inputs use and residue burning.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Innovation and Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Rice–Wheat Cropping Systems in South Asia

et al. 2021

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The rice–wheat cropping system is the main food bowl in Asia, feeding billions across the globe. However, the productivity and long-term sustainability of this system are threatened by stagnant crop yields and greenhouse gas emissions from flooded rice production. The negative environmental consequences of excessive nitrogen fertilizer use are further exacerbating the situation, along with the high labor and water requirements of transplanted rice. Residue burning in rice has also severe environmental concerns. Under these circumstances, many farmers in South Asia have shifted from transplanted rice to direct-seeded rice and reported water and labor savings and reduced methane emissions. There is a need for opting the precision agriculture techniques for the sustainable management of nutrients. Allelopathic crops could be useful in the rotation for weed management, the major yield-reducing factor in direct-seeded rice. Legume incorporation might be a viable option for improving soil health. As governments in South Asia have imposed a strict ban on the burning of rice residues, the use of rice-specific harvesters might be a pragmatic option to manage rice residues with yield and premium advantage. However, the soil/climatic conditions and farmer socio-economic conditions must be considered while promoting these technologies in rice-wheat system in South Asia.

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“…In the current study, there was a significant reduction in total GHG emission in DSR (574.1 kg CO 2 equivalent) versus the PTR system (3954.8 kg CO 2 equivalent). Pathak [53] reported that continuous flooding, nitrogen fertilizers and machinery are responsible for the higher GHG emissions from PTR farms. Puddling and continuous flooding of rice fields encourages the activity of methanogenesis, thereby increasing methane emission.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas (Ghg) Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India

Ramesha

Paramesh

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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The energy consumption pattern and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of any rice production system is important to know the sustainability of varied cultivation and establishment technique. This study was conducted to determine the energy use pattern, GHG emission and efficiency of rice farms in puddled transplanted (PTR, rainfed) and direct-seeded rice (DSR, irrigated) production systems in Karnataka, India. The energy indices and GHG emission of different input and output in a rice production system were assessed by using energy and carbon equivalence. The efficiency of PTR and DSR farms were identified using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and energy optimization was ascertained. The key finding was excessive use of non-renewable energy inputs was observed for the PTR (92.4%) compare to DSR (60.3%) methods. The higher energy use efficiency (7.3), energy productivity (0.3 kg MJ−1) and energy profitability (6.3) were mainly attributed to the large decrease in energy inputs under DSR. The DEA showed efficiency for 26 PTR farms in comparison for 87 DSR farms. The mean technical efficiency value highlighted the scope for saving energy by 6% and 2% in PTR and DSR, respectively and showed an economic reduction of $405.5/ha with PTR versus $163.3/ha with the DSR method if these inefficient farms perform efficiently. The GHG emissions revealed that the total emissions for PTR versus DSR production caused by on-farm emissions were 86% and 65%, respectively. The DSR method also had a higher carbon efficiency ratio and carbon sustainability index (10.1 and 9.1, respectively). Thus, adoption of DSR method is imperative for reduction of energy consumption and GHG emissions to achieve the carbon sustainability.

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Greenhouse Gas Emission fromIndian Agriculture: Trends, Drivers and Mitigation Strategies

Cited by 59 publications

References 12 publications

The Geospatial Understanding of Climate-Smart Agriculture and REDD+ Implementation: Indian Perspective

The Geospatial Understanding of Climate-Smart Agriculture and REDD+ Implementation: Indian Perspective

Agricultural Innovation and Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Rice–Wheat Cropping Systems in South Asia

Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India

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