Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Silicon Production -Development of Carbon Footprint with Changing Energy Systems

Sævarsdóttir, Guðrún; Kvande, Halvor; Magnusson, Thordur

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3926088

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Table 1 shows a comparison between paper and the plastic materials mostly used as substrates, in terms of impacts on climate change and resource use [107]. In this regard, it may be useful to recall that studies conducted on these same indicators as regards the production of silicon, the fundamental semiconductor in the electronics industry, have highlighted a development in the wrong direction for the silicon industry, facing increasing climate related pressures [108].…”

Section: Green Substrates: Paper and "Nanopaper"mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review on Flexible Electronics for IoT: Solutions for Sustainability and New Perspectives for Designers

Scandurra

Arena

Ciofi

2023

Sensors

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining more and more popularity and it is establishing itself in all areas, from industry to everyday life. Given its pervasiveness and considering the problems that afflict today’s world, that must be carefully monitored and addressed to guarantee a future for the new generations, the sustainability of technological solutions must be a focal point in the activities of researchers in the field. Many of these solutions are based on flexible, printed or wearable electronics. The choice of materials therefore becomes fundamental, just as it is crucial to provide the necessary power supply in a green way. In this paper we want to analyze the state of the art of flexible electronics for the IoT, paying particular attention to the issue of sustainability. Furthermore, considerations will be made on how the skills required for the designers of such flexible circuits, the features required to the new design tools and the characterization of electronic circuits are changing.

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Section: Green Substrates: Paper and "Nanopaper"mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review on Flexible Electronics for IoT: Solutions for Sustainability and New Perspectives for Designers

Scandurra

Arena

Ciofi

2023

Sensors

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“…About half of that energy is retained as the chemical energy in Si metal. The carbon footprint ranges from 4.7 kg CO 2 /kg Si to 16 kg CO 2 /kg Si) depending on the type of energy sources used in the process ( Xiao et al, 2010 ; Sævarsdottir et al, 2021 ). The purity of MG-Si produced from the carbothermic process is around 98% and 99%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon electrowinning by molten salts electrolysis

Padamata

Sævarsdóttir

2023

Front. Chem.

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Electrochemically produced Si in molten salts can be used to fabricate electronic and photovoltaic devices. The major factors influencing the structure and morphology of Si deposits are electrolyte composition, applied current densities and overpotentials, type of precursors, operating temperature, and electrodeposition duration. For Si electrodeposition, a less corrosive electrolyte with the ability to dissolve Si species and easily soluble in water should be used. This review provides a brief analysis of the Si production by electrolysis in molten salts.

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“…In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is of interest to study the feasibility of using alternative reducing agents, such as Al, Mg, CH 4 and H 2, to fossil carbon materials in metal production processes. In this regard, metallothermic reduction of SiO 2 by Mg as a reducing agent to produce Si with high purity for photovoltaic application offers a CO 2 -free emission process and also potential to introduce less impurity elements into the produced Si [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. From an economical point of view, using Mg instead of C as the reducing agent currently leads to a more expensive process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Magnesiothermic Reduction of Natural Quartz

et al. 2022

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In this work, the kinetics of natural quartz reduction by Mg to produce either Si or Mg2Si was studied through quantitative phase analysis. Reduction reaction experiments were performed at various temperatures, reaction times and Mg to SiO2 mole ratios of 2 and 4. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns was used to obtain phase distributions in the reacted samples. SEM and EPMA examinations were performed to evaluate the microstructural change during reduction. The results indicated that the reduction reaction rate was slower at a mole ratio of 2 than 4 at the same temperature, as illustrated by the total amount of Si formed (the percent of Si that is reduced to either Si or Mg2Si to total amount of Si) being 59% and 75%, respectively, after 240 min reaction time for mole ratios of 2 and 4. At the mole ratio of 4, the reaction rate was strongly dependent on the reaction temperature, where SiO2 was completely reduced after 20 min at 1273 K. At the lower temperatures of 1173 and 1073 K, total Si formed was 75% and 39%, respectively, after 240 min reaction time. The results of the current work show that Mg2Si can be produced through the magnesiothermic reduction of natural quartz with high yield. The obtained Mg2Si can be processed further to produce silane gas as a precursor to high purity Si. The combination of these two processes offers the potential for a more direct and low carbon method to produce Si with high purity.

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Silicon Production -Development of Carbon Footprint with Changing Energy Systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

A Brief Review on Flexible Electronics for IoT: Solutions for Sustainability and New Perspectives for Designers

A Brief Review on Flexible Electronics for IoT: Solutions for Sustainability and New Perspectives for Designers

Silicon electrowinning by molten salts electrolysis

Kinetics of Magnesiothermic Reduction of Natural Quartz

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