Greenhouse gas emissions inventory data acquisition and analytics for low carbon cities

Kongboon, Ratchayuda; Gheewala, Shabbir H.; Sampattagul, Sate

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130711

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, the incorporation of cement into pavement construction has several drawbacks. Cement is recognized as an environmentally unfriendly material because of its substantial cost and contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable development of pavement base stabilization using future road base material (FROBM)

Bualuang,

Jitsangiam,

Chusai

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Sustainable road construction has emerged as a critical issue in assessing natural resources and urban development. With the rapid expansion of pavement networks to meet growing traffic demands, road base construction relies heavily on the consumption of natural aggregates and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) through the cement-treated base (CTB) technique. This practice contributes to the global warming and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with road construction. This study investigated a novel road base material, Future Road Base Material (FROBM), which emphasizes both eco-friendliness and economic advantages. Fine crushed rock (FCR) served as the parent aggregate and was modified with a chemical binder comprising 4% of the FCR weight. The proposed sustainable cementitious material, functioning as a non-OPC binder, incorporated fly ash and hydrated limestone as pozzolanic materials, along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as an alkali additive. An asphalt emulsion (AE) was employed as a special additive to enhance crucial pavement engineering properties. Through life cycle analysis (LCA), the construction activities and material acquisition of each stabilized base technique were evaluated in terms of project costs and carbon footprints. The non-OPC binder offered sufficient compressive strength for a stabilized base course. Furthermore, the addition of AE improved the elastic modulus and modulus of rupture of the non-OPC binder-stabilized mixture. Utilizing a non-OPC binder and AE in the base layer provides advantages in terms of construction cost and environmental impact. Although the costs increased slightly, the GHG emissions were reduced by approximately 30% compared to conventional base materials, with equivalent functionality and service life for road construction. The proposed stabilizing agent reduced the operational processes and demand for natural aggregates compared with the unbound FCR base course. Road-base stabilization using a non-OPC binder and AE represents an innovative approach to mitigate waste in coal mining and power plant industries by transitioning to a cleaner product. The concept of the FROBM serves as a valuable guideline for the development of future sustainable pavement materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable development of pavement base stabilization using future road base material (FROBM)

Bualuang,

Jitsangiam,

Chusai

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Since 2014, C40 cities have reported GPC-based GHG emission inventories to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). The consistency and transparency of GPC inventories enable cross-city emissions comparisons, emission mitigation policy assessments, and consumption-based carbon footprint estimations (Lopes Toledo and Lèbre La Rovere 2018 , Nangini et al 2019 , Salvia et al 2021 , Wiedmann et al 2021 , Kongboon et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂ emissions from C40 cities: citywide emission inventories and comparisons with global gridded emission datasets

Ahn

Goldberg

Coombes

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Under the leadership of the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40), approximately 1,100 global cities have signed to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. Accurate greenhouse gas emission calculations at the city-scale have become critical. This study forms a bridge between the two emission calculation methods: 1) the city-scale accounting used by C40 cities —the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC) and 2) the global-scale gridded datasets used by the research community —the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) and Open‐Source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC). For the emission magnitudes of 78 C40 cities, we find good correlations between the GPC and EDGAR (R2 = 0.80) and the GPC and ODIAC (R2 = 0.72). Regionally, African cities show the largest variability in the three emission estimates. For the emission trends, the standard deviation of the differences is ±4.7 %/year for EDGAR vs. GPC and is ±3.9 %/year for ODIAC vs. GPC: a factor of ~2 larger than the trends that many C40 cities pledged (net-zero by 2050 from 2010, or −2.5%/year). To examine the source of discrepancies in the emission datasets, we assess the impact of spatial resolutions of EDGAR (0.1°) and ODIAC (1km) on estimating varying-sized cities’ emissions. Our analysis shows that the coarser resolution of EDGAR can artificially decrease emissions by 13% for cities smaller than 1,000 km2. We find that data quality of emission factors used in GPC inventories vary regionally: the highest quality for European and North American and the lowest for African and Latin American cities. Our study indicates that the following items should be prioritized to reduce the discrepancies between the two emission calculation methods: 1) implementing local-specific/up-to-date emission factors in GPC inventories, 2) keeping the global power plant database current, and 3) incorporating satellite-derived CO2 datasets (i.e., NASA OCO-3).

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“…Global warming and climate change caused by the emission of greenhouse gases from human activities have become serious problems. , Methane, the main component of natural gas, is a greenhouse gas, and its emissions have increased by 10% over the past 20 years . The recovery and effective utilization of methane would contribute to deterring global warming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Reforming of Methane with Suppressed Carbon Deposition over Cr- and Ni-Loaded Dealuminated β Zeolites

Tamura,

Murata,

Sumi

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is an endothermic reaction that consumes energy during operation. In Ni-based catalysts, carbon produced by side reactions leads to catalyst deactivation and damage to the reactor tube. We have developed a catalyst that maintains its activity and suppresses carbon deposition at a low temperature (873 K). New catalysts were synthesized by loading Cr and Ni onto dealuminated β zeolites. The peak shifts in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements suggested that the introduced Cr and Ni species interacted with the zeolite framework. UV−vis spectra showed that the loaded Cr interacted with the zeolite was present as Cr 6+ . The synthesized catalysts were applied to the DRM reaction. As a result, the Cr-loaded catalysts had lower carbon deposition than only the Ni-loaded catalyst. The Cr species mainly contributed to the suppression of the methane decomposition reaction, leading to a much lower coke deposition and a more selective DRM reaction. This study provides a new strategy for catalyst design to suppress coke deposition and selective DRM reactions.

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Greenhouse gas emissions inventory data acquisition and analytics for low carbon cities

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Sustainable development of pavement base stabilization using future road base material (FROBM)

Sustainable development of pavement base stabilization using future road base material (FROBM)

CO₂ emissions from C40 cities: citywide emission inventories and comparisons with global gridded emission datasets

Dry Reforming of Methane with Suppressed Carbon Deposition over Cr- and Ni-Loaded Dealuminated β Zeolites

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Greenhouse gas emissions inventory data acquisition and analytics for low carbon cities

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Sustainable development of pavement base stabilization using future road base material (FROBM)

Sustainable development of pavement base stabilization using future road base material (FROBM)

CO2 emissions from C40 cities: citywide emission inventories and comparisons with global gridded emission datasets

Dry Reforming of Methane with Suppressed Carbon Deposition over Cr- and Ni-Loaded Dealuminated β Zeolites

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CO₂ emissions from C40 cities: citywide emission inventories and comparisons with global gridded emission datasets