Greenhouse gas inventory: A case of gas flaring operations in Nigeria

Giwa, Solomon O.; Layeni, Abayomi T.; Nwaokocha, Collins N.; Sulaiman, Musediq Adedoyin

doi:10.1080/20421338.2017.1312778

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is on record that Nigeria is one of the leading gas flaring countries in the world with high amount of gas resources but low energy because of the lack of investment in converting the flared gas to energy generation. This contributes to the challenges facing economic development of the country (Giwa, Layeni, et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mixed Method Inquiry of Gas Flaring Consequences, Mitigation Strategies and Policy Implication for Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria

Rufai¹,

Alademomi²,

Teye³

et al. 2019

JEES

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Acknowledgement: We are grateful to Professor Ren Chong for providing helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper and warm appreciation to the Chinese Government Scholarship Council for providing the Corresponding Author with fully funded study grants to pursue his postgraduate studies at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). AbstractThe issue of gas flaring in Nigeria has become a topical one in view of the devastating effect it has in the socioeconomic lives of the people in the affected areas. This paper investigates the environmental implication and mitigating strategies of the victims in Nigeria. Mix method was adopted by conducting 60 semi-structured interviews in three communities. The data was transcribed and analyzed using ATLAS.ti and content analysis. Findings show that gas flaring is the major problem facing the Niger Delta communities having negative effects on resident's health, source of income and farm produce without any legal framework to curb it. Findings also show that people mitigate by using self-strategies such as nose mask, fertilizer for farm produce and boiling of drinking water. Data collected from government shows that there is an annual increase in gas production but gas flaring decreases at a slower rate as depicted in the graph. The paper is the first to conduct research on the coping strategy of the victims of gas flaring in Niger Delta and the importance of technology in eradicating gas flaring. The study recommended technology transfer from technologically advanced countries in capturing the associated gas instead of flaring it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mixed Method Inquiry of Gas Flaring Consequences, Mitigation Strategies and Policy Implication for Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria

Rufai¹,

Alademomi²,

Teye³

et al. 2019

JEES

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show abstract

“…Thereafter, the mean value of each output variable was obtained from the software. Further information for estimating concentration uncertainty can be read in previously published studies (Giwa et al, 2016(Giwa et al, , 2017. The concentration uncertainty related to the release of the pollutants was estimated using the following equation.…”

Section: Procedures For Concentration Uncertainty Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise and emission characterization of off-grid diesel-powered generators in Nigeria

Giwa

Nwaokocha

Adeyemi

2019

MEQ

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Purpose Nigeria, a prominent country in Sub-Sahara Africa, is plagued with a protracted, erratic and low power supply. The purpose of this paper is to present an experimental investigation of the noise levels and pollutants’ (CO, CO2 and particulate matter (PM2.5)) concentrations associated with the prevalent use of diesel-powered generators in the country. It is aimed to provide information on the level of gaseous, particulate and noise pollutants that are related to diesel-powered generators that could assist in policy formulation and create public awareness on the possible health risks. Design/methodology/approach Diesel-fueled generators (105) with age and installed capacity ranging from 0.5 to 14 years and 10 to 500 kVA, respectively, were engaged in this work at Sango area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Standard measuring instruments were placed at 1 m from the diesel-powered generators to determine the noise levels and concentrations of CO, CO2 and PM2.5. Findings Ranges of 72.6–115.6 dB, 19–198 ppm, 501–5,805 ppm and 221–492 µg/m3 for the noise level, CO, CO2 and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively, were obtained. Both the averages and ranges of the noise levels and pollutants’ concentrations were considerably higher than the recommended maximum limits. Thus, this study substantiated the pollution of ambient noise and air because of the operation of diesel-fueled generators. Furthermore, the health risks connected to the exposure to CO and PM2.5 as implied via the evaluation of the air quality index revealed very unhealthy and hazardous conditions, respectively. Research limitations/implications The measurement of the pollutants’ concentrations at the tips of the exhaust pipes of the diesel-powered generators was desirable but could not be achieved using manually logged devices. Nonetheless, adequate pollutants’ concentration data that satisfactorily represent the level of air pollution associated with diesel-fueled generators’ operations were obtained at around 1 m from the exhaust pipes. Practical implications The study provided additional knowledge on the levels of noise and pollutants, and the public health risks connected to the operations of diesel-powered generators that will be beneficial to the public and policymakers. Originality/value The results revealed a considerably high level of noise and air pollution, and the inherent environmental and public health problems connected to diesel-powered generators’ usage in Nigeria. This could serve as a viable tool for formulating environmental policy and providing the necessary societal awareness in this regard.

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“…Uncertainty ranges of -10% to 1000% and ± 75% have been specified for N 2 O and CO 2 emissions from flared gas in developing countries, but such recommendations are not available for cement industries (Giwa et al 2017b). The model outputs showing the cumulative distributions of CO 2 , CO, SO x , NO x and total emissions, and indicating the minimum and maximum confidence limits are presented in Figures.…”

Section: Uncertainty Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory of kiln stacks emissions and health risk assessment: Case of a cement industry in Southwest Nigeria

Giwa

Nwaokocha

Layeni

2019

African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Developm

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Cement production is a significant source of air pollution as both gaseous and particulate materials released are detrimental to the ecosystem. This work was carried out in a cement industry located in Southwest Nigeria. The emission rates of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and sulphur oxides (SO x ) released from the cement kilns using fuel oil, natural gas (NG) and coal were garnered for a year. Thereafter, the estimated emission quantities of the pollutants were employed to obtain the emission inventory of the cement plant. Uncertainty analysis associated with the emissions was evaluated using Analytica ® (4.6). Total amounts of pollutants emitted from the plant were 4.86 tonne (t)(NO x ), 18.2 t (SO x ), 2.270 Kt (CO 2 ) and 1.17 t (CO). Uncertainty range of -149.38% to 149.38% was connected to all the pollutants. Results showed that the quantities of pollutants discharged from the cement industry were considerably higher than recommended. The evaluated air quality indices for CO, NO x, and SO x implied that the health risk on exposure to these gases was hazardous. This study revealed that NG and wastes are the best fuel for kiln firing to reduce the amounts of pollutants emitted into the microenvironment of the plant.

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Greenhouse gas inventory: A case of gas flaring operations in Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

A Mixed Method Inquiry of Gas Flaring Consequences, Mitigation Strategies and Policy Implication for Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria

A Mixed Method Inquiry of Gas Flaring Consequences, Mitigation Strategies and Policy Implication for Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria

Noise and emission characterization of off-grid diesel-powered generators in Nigeria

Inventory of kiln stacks emissions and health risk assessment: Case of a cement industry in Southwest Nigeria

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