Greening 6G

Blockchain technology integration in service migration to 6G communication networks: a comprehensive review

“…It is also important to ensure that the services are secure and that any security vulnerabilities are addressed. A development framework for service migration in 6G networks can include several key components [40], such as: − Planning: This component involves identifying the services and applications that need to be migrated, assessing the current environment, and developing a migration plan that takes into account the unique requirements of 6G networks [41]. − Design: This component involves designing the new 6G infrastructure and services that will replace the existing ones, taking into account the new features and capabilities of 6G networks, such as low latency and high throughput [42].…”

Emerging 6G/B6G Wireless Communication for the Power Infrastructure in Smart Cities: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

“…Moreover, various novel technologies will be introduced in 6G wireless communication to effectively provide the required key performance indicators (KPIs) in terms of considered smart grid applications [1,65]. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA); energy harvesting (EH); wireless power transfer (WPT); a green IoT; massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO); mmWave; terahertz (THz); AI-based ultra-dense networks (UDNs); intelligent reflecting surface (IRS); beamforming; AI-based secured edge/cloud computing; and device-to-device (D2D) communication are all examples of novel technology that can be used with 6G wireless communication to provide significant performance improvement in the case of the considered KPIs for smart grid systems (e.g., data rate, energy efficiency, jitter, area traffic capacity, latency, connection density, spectral efficiency, and reliability).…”

“…Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA); energy harvesting (EH); wireless power transfer (WPT); a green IoT; massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO); mmWave; terahertz (THz); AI-based ultra-dense networks (UDNs); intelligent reflecting surface (IRS); beamforming; AI-based secured edge/cloud computing; and device-to-device (D2D) communication are all examples of novel technology that can be used with 6G wireless communication to provide significant performance improvement in the case of the considered KPIs for smart grid systems (e.g., data rate, energy efficiency, jitter, area traffic capacity, latency, connection density, spectral efficiency, and reliability). These are all illustrated in Table 1 [1,7,63,65]. Smart cities and smart grids are currently popular and highly researched topics in both academic and industrial sectors.…”

Turbo code optimization based on terahertz communication

“…In order to apply these channel coding techniques in terahertz communications, research workers have made a lot of studies, and the literature [8] proposed a modified and optimized Turbo decoding scheme that can be well used in 100 Gbps wireless terahertz communications using BCH(2047,2014,t=3) codes with a modified code word format, and the code word is successfully decoded in only 2-3 iterations In the literature [9], the authors propose an LDPC code that can perform cyclic redundancy checks, and its parallel implementation and shorter code length reduce the decoding latency compared to the traditional LDPC code; the parallel cascaded decoding scheme in the literature [10] greatly reduces the algorithm complexity, simplifies the lattice expansion, and shows good performance for short non-binary lowcomplexity even check digit code shows good error correction performance, and the coding gain is improved by 0.5dB compared with other high-speed short codes; literature [11]- [12] construct LDPC codes under ieee 802.16e standard using base check matrix, and adopt iterative coding method with linear time complexity for coding, which effectively improves the code rate performance and increases the data transmission rate, but its data transmission literature [13] studied a high-speed link error correction code, which is highly utilized and flexible, but is redundant and has high computational complexity; literature [14] studied a polarization coding-based link adaptive transmission framework, which has the advantages of reliable low latency and high spectral efficiency, and the disadvantage is that it requires higher modulation requirements; ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) is one of the main classes of 5G One of the main service classes of 5G [15]- [16] poses special challenges to coding techniques, and to meet the strict latency requirements, a parallel cascaded decoding (PCD) scheme for short non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes was proposed in the literature [17], which has a relatively low decoding latency and low complexity, but has poor performance in error correction The Successive Cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm for Polar codes was proposed in [8], but it is not effective in decoding codes with short and medium code lengths. Therefore, based on the SC decoding algorithm, a list decoding algorithm was proposed in the literature [18] and [19], which has a great performance improvement for the SC decoding algorithm.…”