Greenness surrounding schools and adiposity in children and adolescents: Findings from a national population-based study in China

Bao, Weizhu; Yang, Bo‐Yi; Zou, Zhiyong; Ma, Jun; Jin, Jing; Wang, Haijun; Luo, Jia-Jou; Zhang, Xin; Chen, Luo; Wang, Hong; Zhao, Haiping; Pan, De Hong; Gui, Zhao Huan; Zhang, Jingshu; Lee, Hyewon; Ma, Yong; Dong, Guang‐Hui; Chen, Yajun

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110289

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Study samples were mostly a balanced proportion of men and women. A few studies were conducted in women [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] or men [ 35 , 36 ] only. A cross-sectional design was the most frequently utilised design ( n = 42); other designs used were cohort ( n = 9), randomised controlled trial (RCT; n = 9), ecological ( n = 7), case–control ( n = 3), before–after ( n = 2), and quasi-experimental ( n = 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies mainly focused on green space around residential areas, and only one study considered participants’ activity area (considering residential, work, and travel exposure) [ 45 ]. Four studies (five articles) measured green space around a school or kindergarten [ 31 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight studies measured anthropometric outcomes [ 31 , 38 , 46 , 50 , 79 , 93 , 94 , 95 ] with a cross-sectional design except for one which was ecological [ 95 ]. Sample size varied from 427 [ 38 ] to 59, 540 [ 31 ], the ecological study examined 189 districts. Two of the studies were conducted in children and adolescents (<18 years) [ 31 , 46 ], two in middle-aged and older adults [ 79 , 93 ], and the rest in the general population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Space and Health in Mainland China: A Systematic Review

Rahimi-Ardabili

Astell-Burt

Nguyen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major cause of premature mortality and disabilities in China due to factors concomitant with rapid economic growth and urbanisation over three decades. Promoting green space might be a valuable strategy to help improve population health in China, as well as a range of co-benefits (e.g., increasing resilience to climate change). No systematic review has so far determined the degree of association between green space and health outcomes in China. This review was conducted to address this gap. Five electronic databases were searched using search terms on green space, health, and China. The review of 83 publications that met eligibility criteria reports associations indicative of various health benefits from more green space, including mental health, general health, healthier weight status and anthropometry, and more favorable cardiometabolic and cerebrovascular outcomes. There was insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions on mortality, birth outcomes, and cognitive function, and findings on respiratory and infectious outcomes were inconsistent and limited. Future work needs to examine the health benefits of particular types and qualities of green spaces, as well as to take advantage of (quasi-)experimental designs to test greening interventions within the context of China’s rapid urbanization and economic growth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Green Space and Health in Mainland China: A Systematic Review

Rahimi-Ardabili

Astell-Burt

Nguyen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The benefits of green spaces in children and adolescent are relatively well-documented; exposure to greenness has been associated with mental and behavioral advantages [ 20 – 22 ], less asthma prevalence and symptoms [ 23 , 24 ], better lung functionality [ 25 ], and reduction in insulin resistance [ 26 ] and obesity [ 27 , 28 ]. Howbeit, the evidence linking the green space exposure to BP in children and adolescents has faced scarcity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Proximity to Green Spaces and Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study

Abbasi

Pourmirzaei

Hariri

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Evidence favoring a beneficial association between greenness and blood pressure (BP) in adults is accumulating. However, children and adolescents have been understudied accordingly. Methodologically, the data on “exposure” to residential green spaces are commonly satellite-derived, including rare existing studies on the relationship between proximity to green spaces and BP in children. Despite perfectly obliterating subjective biases, remote sensing methods of greenness data collection fail to address pragmatic interaction with such settings. This study aimed to assess the relationship between subjective proximity to green spaces and average/elevated BP in children. Through our study, systolic and diastolic BPs of 12,340 schoolchildren living in CASPIAN-V study areas were examined and recorded. We performed surveys to obtain the data on their proximity to green spaces, defined as having access to such spaces within a 15-minute walk from their homes. Linear mixed-effects models with BP as the outcome variable and the measure of exposure to green spaces as fixed-effect predictor were applied. The analysis was adjusted for several covariates. We found that perceived residential proximity to green spaces was associated with −0.08 mmHg (95% confidence intervals (CIs): −0.58, 0.41; p value = 0.72) reduction in systolic BP and −0.09 (95% CIs: −0.49, 0.31; p value = 0.66) reduction in diastolic BP. We also observed statistically nonsignificant odds ratio of 1.03 (95% CIs: 0.76, 1.39), 0.96 (95% CIs: 0.80, 1.16), and 0.98 (95% CIs: 0.82, 1.16) for isolated systolic/diastolic hypertension and hypertension, respectively. Our observations remained consistent after adjustment for height, parental employment, low birth weight, parental obesity, single parent, and breastfeeding. In conclusion, subjective proximity to green spaces might not be associated with a lower mean BP in children. Well-designed studies applying both subjective and objective data should be performed to elaborate on the relationship further.

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