Grey and white matter changes in children with monocular amblyopia: voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study

Li, Qian; Jiang, Qinying; Guo, Mingxia; Li, Qingji; Cai, Chunquan; Yin, Xiaohui

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302218

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To study white matter volume changes, researchers have applied VBM to voxels that are classified as white matter and have found decreased volume in the white matter around the primary visual cortex, right premotor cortex, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral cingulate cortex, and the bilateral optic radiations. 19,22,23 By contrast, increases in white matter volume have been reported in the bilateral cuneus areas and the right inferior frontal gyrus. 23 Diffusion tensor imaging, on the other hand, probes tissue properties at the micrometer scale within a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) voxel by modeling movement of water molecules in multiple directions.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…19,22,23 By contrast, increases in white matter volume have been reported in the bilateral cuneus areas and the right inferior frontal gyrus. 23 Diffusion tensor imaging, on the other hand, probes tissue properties at the micrometer scale within a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) voxel by modeling movement of water molecules in multiple directions. In white matter, where myelinated axons are directionally coherent, water molecules diffuse much more easily along the length of the axons than perpendicular to them.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…For example, studies of children with anisometropic amblyopia found changes both in the rate of water diffusion and in the coherence of diffusion directions in various regions of interest, but the findings were not highly consistent. 23,28,29 More specifically, four studies have selectively examined the optic radiation using fiber tractography, but the results have also been mixed. 20,21,30,31 The diversity of structural imaging results may reflect the diversity inherent in the disorder.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…12 In addition to changes in neural responses, structural neuroimaging has helped us understand the biological underpinnings of the behavioral differences in terms of changes in the structure of either grey matter [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] or white matter. [19][20][21][22][23] Grey matter contains cell bodies and is where neural computations take place. Structural changes in grey matter have been quantified via voxel-based morphometry (VBM), a technique that quantifies differences in brain shape between patients and controls.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Structural Properties of Major White Matter Tracts in Strabismic Amblyopia

Duan

Norcia

Yeatman

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. In order to better understand whether white matter structural deficits are present in strabismic amblyopia, we performed a survey of the tissue properties of 28 major white matter tracts using diffusion and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging approaches.METHODS. We used diffusion-based tensor modeling and a new quantitative T1 protocol to measure fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and myelin-sensitive T1 values. We surveyed tracts in the occipital lobe, including the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF)-a newly rediscovered tract that bridges dorsal and ventral areas of the occipital lobe, as well as tracts across the rest of the brain. RESULTS.Adults with long-standing strabismic amblyopia show tract-specific elevations in MD. We rank-ordered the tracts on the basis of their MD effect-size. The four most affected tracts were the anterior frontal corpus callosum (ACC), the right VOF, the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and the left optic radiation. CONCLUSIONS.The results suggest that most white matter tissue properties are relatively robust to the early visual insult caused by strabismus. However, strabismic amblyopia does affect MD, not only in occipital tracts, such as the VOF and optic radiation, but also in long range association tracts connecting visual cortex to the frontal and temporal lobes (ILF) and connecting the two hemispheres (ACC).

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The Structural Properties of Major White Matter Tracts in Strabismic Amblyopia

Duan

Norcia

Yeatman

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Also the ADC values were increased in the postchiasmatic region in both groups of amblyopic patients. In two recent studies, DTI showed more voxels in the posterior parts of bilateral optic radiations of normal children than in the amblyopic children and authors suggested that this finding indicates that normal children have better development of the optic radiations [12][13][14][15]. Duan et al [16] recently reported that ADC values increased not only in occipital tracts such as the optic radiations but also in long-range association tracts connecting visual cortex to the frontal and temporal lobes and connecting the two hemispheres.…”

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confidence: 95%

Correlation of the measurements of optical coherence tomography and diffuse tension imaging of optic pathways in amblyopia

Altıntaş

Gümüştaş

Cinik³

et al. 2016

Int Ophthalmol

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether a correlation exists between optical coherence tomography (OCT) of retina and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the optic pathway measurements. All subjects underwent OCT measurements of optic nerve head, retinal nerve fiber layer, and macula. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of optic pathways were analyzed using DTI. Prechiasmatic FA values were significantly decreased in unilateral amblyopic group in both affected and sound fellow eyes (p = 0.019 and 0.013), but not in bilateral amblyopic group (p = 0.221) when compared with the control group. ADC values were significantly greater in sound eye in unilateral amblyopic group in prechiasmatic and postchiasmatic regions (p = 0.001 and 0.049). ADC values were also significantly greater in bilateral amblyopic group in postchiasmatic region (p = 0.037). There were no significant differences between the affected eye and sound eye side DTI measurements. There was no significant correlation between prechiasmatic DTI and OCT measurements in affected and sound eyes of unilateral amblyopia group. DTI results demonstrated that there is a functional underdevelopment of the anterior and posterior visual pathways in both affected and sound eye of unilateral amblyopic patients. Significantly reduced FA values in prechiasmatic region where OCT values of retina were normal can be explained by possible micro-structural changes.

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Altered cortical morphology of visual cortex in adults with monocular amblyopia

Zhang

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background The neural mechanism of amblyopia and its impact on the adult brain remain unclear. This hinders effective treatment for adults with this disease. Purpose To investigate neuroanatomical differences in cortical morphometry between amblyopic adults and healthy controls, and to explore the structural covariance of abnormal morphometric changes. Study Type Prospective. Population Twenty‐one amblyopic adults and 34 healthy controls. Field Strength/Sequence 3T MRI, T1‐weighted, MPRAGE sequence. Assessment All participants completed ophthalmologic exams to confirm the diagnosis of amblyopia or its absence in the healthy controls, including tests of ocular motility and dilation, fundus exam, autorefraction and synoptophore tests. Cortical volume, thickness, and surface area measurements were obtained using FreeSurfer software. Statistical Tests Statistical differences of MRI measures between amblyopic adults and healthy controls were identified using a general linear model with intracranial volume and age as covariates. Monte Carlo simulations were used to correct for multiple comparisons. The structural covariance of abnormal morphometric changes and the relationship between morphometric abnormalities and visual acuity of the amblyopic eye were examined. Results Compared with healthy controls, amblyopic adults showed reduced cortical volume in left lateral occipital cortex, and decreased cortical thickness in bilateral inferior temporal gyrus and left precentral gyrus (P < 0.05; Monte Carlo corrected). Structural covariance between cortical volume of left lateral occipital cortex and cortical thickness of right inferior temporal gyrus in amblyopic adults was significantly less than in healthy controls (z = 1.73; P < 0.05). Data Conclusion Our study identified morphological abnormalities in occipital cortex and in temporal and frontal cortex which are projection fields of visual cortex important for processing of visual form and object location information, and disrupted structural covariance of visual cortex with other brain regions in amblyopic patients. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1405–1412.

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Grey and white matter changes in children with monocular amblyopia: voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

The Structural Properties of Major White Matter Tracts in Strabismic Amblyopia

The Structural Properties of Major White Matter Tracts in Strabismic Amblyopia

Correlation of the measurements of optical coherence tomography and diffuse tension imaging of optic pathways in amblyopia

Altered cortical morphology of visual cortex in adults with monocular amblyopia

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