Grey Wolf Optimisation of an Operating Strategy for Energy Storage Systems in Electrically Driven Railway Vehicles

Abstract

This paper presents an energy optimal operating strategy for the utilisation of energy storage systems (ESS) in electrically driven railway vehicles. First, a detailed simulation model of the complete power train of a generic railway vehicle, supplied by an electric energy source, is described. The presented operating strategy comprises the power management between the two power sources of the vehicle, namely the catenary as well as the ESS. To derive the energy optimal parametrisation for the proposed power management approach, a Grey Wolf Optimiser (GWO) is applied, which is inspired by the hunting behavior of grey wolves in nature.

Analysis of hydrogen-powered propulsion system alternatives for diesel-electric regional trains

“…It consists of an open circuit voltage source U OC [V], which depends on the battery state-of-charge (SoC), in series with a constant internal resistance R LB [Ω], which represents ohmic losses and depends on the direction of the ESS current I LB [A] (i.e., whether the battery is being charged or discharged). With the given power provided from the battery P LB [W], the battery current and terminal voltage U LB [V] are determined by (Prohl and Aschemann, 2019):…”

Analysis of Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Alternative Propulsion Systems for Regional Diesel-Electric Multiple Unit Trains

“…It comprises of a state-of-charge (SoC)-dependent voltage source, U OC [V], and a constant internal resistance, R LB [Ω], which account for ohmic losses and depend on the direction of the battery current I LB [A], i.e., charging or discharging phase. Given the power provided from the battery P LB [W], battery SoC σ LB ∈ [0, 1], open circuit voltage U OC , and an internal resistance R LB , the battery current and terminal voltage U LB [V] are defined by [64]:…”