Grey Wolf Optimization Based Demand Side Management in Solar PV Integrated Smart Grid Environment

Abstract

Most of world's electrical energy demand is fulfilled by natural resources (Oil, Coal, Gas, etc.) and there is a huge gap between demand and supply. Therefore, utilities are facing the problem of peak load burden. Broadly speaking, to sustain future electricity demand renewable/alternate sources (solar, wind etc.) of energy must be integrated with smart grid (SG) to cope with energy demand. These sources are freely available, inexhaustible and can be used as an alternate source of energy. For smart utilization of electrical energy, a balance between supply and demand is required at all instants of time. In the SG environment, the most promising solution to reduce the peak load burden on utility is demand side management (DSM) which is possible because of the property of smart grid inertia. DSM permits all types of consumers to alter their energy consumption pattern to reduce the cost of energy and it helps the utility to reduce peak load burden and reshape load profile. In this study, DSM has been formulated as a single objective minimization problem to reduce peak load burden on utility. Although several optimization techniques has been listed in the literature which reduces the peak load and cost of energy, but integration of renewable energy is limited to residential consumers only. In this paper, a robust optimization algorithm inspired by the lifestyle of grey wolves, popularly known as grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is utilized to solve the proposed DSM minimization problem. The DSM minimization problem optimization using GWO is demonstrated on three different cases-residential, commercial, and industrial loads in time of use (TOU) pricing scheme with and without solar PV energy (SPVE). Validation of GWO displays remarkable reductions in peak load on utility and cost of energy of consumers with and without SPVE. Also, GWO optimization results are compared with existing research papers having identical data sets.INDEX TERMS Demand side management, smart grid, appliance scheduling, grey wolf optimization, solar PV energy, time of use pricing, peak load, cost of energy.

A Survey on Direct Load Control Technologies in the Smart Grid

“…Various DSM programs are proposed to achieve an efficient, reliable, secure, resilient, and sustainable system. One such program is direct load control (DLC), an incentive-based program in DSM [8].…”