“…Recently, numerous deep learning techniques have emerged to facilitate clustering based on topology, attributes, behaviors, and other aspects [10][11][12]. Algorithms like DeepWalk [13], Node2Vec [14], and LINE [15] have established themselves as classical methods in complex network representation learning, effectively addressing the challenge of preserving local topology. Such as SDNE [16] and GCN [17], these studies achieve clustering by mapping individual nodes to different levels of granularity, i.e., by considering the topology of nodes, as in MNRL [18], by considering the topology between nodes and the properties of neighboring nodes.…”