Grid modernization for enhancing the resilience, reliability, economics, sustainability, and security of electricity grid in an uncertain environment

Abstract

This paper reviews the merits of modernizing the power grid and discusses the way electric utilities in various countries are directing their practices toward o ering enhanced sustainability, reliability, resilience, security, and economics to their respective consumers. The modernization of the electricity grid, which has evolved as the brainchild of electricity restructuring, has been made all the more urgent by the virtually pervasive dependence of modern lives on a reliable, clean, and secure supply of a ordable electricity. The electric utility industry restructuring, which has staged many institutional, regulatory, and business models, has enabled the modern electricity grid to take full advantage of a range of available energy sources and modern technologies pertaining to prosumers and transactive energy, renewable supply, storage, energy e ciency, climate change and carbon capture, electri cation of the transportation industry, microgrids and resilience, and large fossil units that have helped the electric utility industry meet its global objectives. Understanding the dynamics of grid modernization, which can o er a clear appreciation for the use of innovation in electric power systems, and the impact that grid modernization will have on individual lives, is among the issues which will be discussed in this paper.

Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems Containing Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Power Plants

“…In this model λ and µ are failure and repair rate of the components [36]. The probabilities associated to up and down state can be determined as Relation (13).…”

“…Variation in the output power of the renewable resources including wind, solar, tidal, wave and so on is the main drawback of these clean energies and so many researches have been devoted to studying the effects of these resources on the different aspects of power systems [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The reliability evaluation of OTEC systems is not performed so far and so in this regard, the researches associated to the reliability assessment of other renewable resources such as wind, solar, wave, tidal and so on can be utilized.…”

Security constrained optimal power flow in a power system based on energy storage system with high wind penetration

“…Equalities (11), (12) and (13) calculate PTDF, LODF and participation factor, respectively. Inequalities (14) and (15) are generation outage and line outage security constraints, respectively.…”

“…Evaluating the impact of renewables on power system security is of priority owing to their intrinsic uncertainties. Renewable generations like wind generation pose various uncertainties which call the need for security assessing of power system beside them [11]- [12]. To this end, Authors of [13] considered a power system with high wind penetration and developed a security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model to assess the impact of battery-ESS (BESS) units on the security of the system.…”

A Decentralized Energy Trading Framework for Active Distribution Networks with Multiple-Microgrids under Uncertainty

“…MGs may act as either a power source or a load when they are connected to an Active Distribution Network (ADN) or they can work individually during islanded operation. These features have a great significance in promoting economic resiliency and reliability of ADNs [1,2]. Given the increasing growth of MGs in ADNs, the coordinated operation of ADN and several MGs has become a new research hotspot.…”