Grid power flow impact on the on-state losses of the modular multilevel converter

Ferreira, Abel; Bellmunt, Oriol Gomis; Teixido, Miquel

doi:10.1049/cp.2016.0487

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…VSC Technology Selection: From the available VSC options, Half-Bridge based MMC technology was selected due to its positive effect on dynamic performance and AC harmonics elimination. The number of modular levels was set to 401 [190,191]. This way, Siemens was able to effectively generate pure sinusoidal voltages at the converters AC interfacing points, effectively eliminating harmonics.…”

Section: Case Study 1: Inelfe France-spain Hvdc Interconnector (Vsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook

Alassi

Bañales

Ellabban

et al. 2019

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

305

104

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HVDC systems are playing an increasingly significant role in energy transmission due to their technical and economic superiority over HVAC systems for long distance transmission. HVDC is preferable beyond 300-800 km for overhead point-to-point transmission projects and for the cable based interconnection or the grid integration of remote offshore wind farms beyond 50-100 km. Several HVDC review papers exist in literature but often focus on specific geographic locations or system components. In contrast, this paper presents a detailed, up-to-date, analysis and assessment of HVDC transmission systems on a global scale, targeting expert and general audience alike. The paper covers the following aspects: technical and economic comparison of HVAC and HVDC systems; investigation of international HVDC market size, conditions, geographic sparsity of the technology adoption, as well as the main suppliers landscape; and high-level comparisons and analysis of HVDC system components such as Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) and Line Commutated Converters (LCCs), etc. The presented analysis are supported by practical case studies from existing projects in an effort to reveal the complex technical and economic considerations, factors and rationale involved in the evaluation and selection of transmission system technology for a given project. The contemporary operational challenges such as the ownership of Multi-Terminal DC (MTDC) networks are also discussed. Subsequently, the required development factors, both technically and regulatory, for proper MTDC networks operation are highlighted, including a future outlook of different HVDC system components. Collectively, the role of HVDC transmission in achieving national renewable energy targets in light of the Paris agreement commitments is highlighted with relevant examples of potential HVDC corridors.

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Section: Case Study 1: Inelfe France-spain Hvdc Interconnector (Vsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook

Alassi

Bañales

Ellabban

et al. 2019

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

305

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the loading of SMs and IGBT switches could be different dependent on the position [29], [30], which would have impact on their failure rates. Some work has explored the loading of SMs and IGBT switches in MMCs [29], [30]. The overall loading distribution of SMs among an arm is very similar [29].…”

Section: Model Extensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall loading distribution of SMs among an arm is very similar [29]. But the IGBT switches within a SM have different loading distributions depending on their positions, and the lower IGBT switch is more stressed than the upper one [29], [30]. To take the differences in the loading distributions into account during the reliability analysis of MMCs, the relation of the failure rate of components to the loading distributions is required to be explored first.…”

Section: Model Extensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Modeling and Evaluation of MMCs Under Different Redundancy Schemes

Guo

Wang

Liang

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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Due to the demand for high reliability, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are designed with redundant submodules. Redundant submodules can be integrated into the converter by employing different redundancy schemes: the conventional active scheme, the load-sharing active scheme, and the passive scheme. Different schemes have different impacts on the improvement of converter reliability. The contributions of this paper include that an analytical method is proposed to evaluate the reliability of MMCs under different redundancy schemes and the factors' influence on the converter reliability is analyzed to determine the proper redundancy scheme. Reliability models of MMCs under different redundancy schemes are built using Markov chains and the iteration method. Based on the proposed models, the effects of redundant schemes are evaluated in terms of the converter reliability. A case study is conducted to validate the feasibility and robustness of proposed models and to specify the conditions in the favor of each redundancy scheme. The benefits of sharing redundancy among arms are also explored from the reliability point of view. If insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and capacitors are dominant components in a submodule in terms of failure rates, the load-sharing active scheme performs better; otherwise, setting the redundant submodules in an idle state is more effective. It is also found that the number of required redundant submodules is greatly reduced by sharing redundancy among arms.

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Adaptive discontinuous zero sequence signal for modular multilevel converter applications

Antonio-Ferreira¹,

Gomis‐Bellmunt

Teixido³

2016

2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)

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This work proposes a technique to inject a discontinuous zero sequence signal (D-ZSS) into voltage modulation of the modular multilevel converter arms. The core of the technique is the clamping of the arm voltages to a particular level and interval, in such a way that reduces the number of switching events on the instants that the load stress on the semiconductors is high, and consequently the dissipated energy. The clamping voltage and interval has some degrees of freedom which are also discussed. The description of the methodology is complemented with its simulation. Either in steady-state or in dynamic converter operation this technique is able to reduce the switching events and the correspondent total losses up to 6.6%. Hence contributing to a more efficient VSC-HVdc solution.Postprint (published version

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Grid power flow impact on the on-state losses of the modular multilevel converter

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook

HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook

Reliability Modeling and Evaluation of MMCs Under Different Redundancy Schemes

Adaptive discontinuous zero sequence signal for modular multilevel converter applications

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