Griess Diazotization

doi:10.1002/9780470638859.conrr280

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Mechanistic studies showed that a similar mechanism is operating as previously described. However, the authors showed that NO 2 – was produced by performing Griess’ method, , whereas the presence of O 2 was not required for the reaction to occur. Therefore, they proposed that the cyclopropane ring opening is assisted by a NO 3 – counteranion, which is subsequently reduced by the cage to the NO 2 – anion.…”

Section: Photoredox Catalysis For the Synthesis Of Complex Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Coordination Cages for Artificial Photosynthesis and Synthetic Photocatalysis

et al. 2023

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Because sunlight is the most abundant energy source on earth, it has huge potential for practical applications ranging from sustainable energy supply to light driven chemistry. From a chemical perspective, excited states generated by light make thermodynamically uphill reactions possible, which forms the basis for energy storage into fuels. In addition, with light, open-shell species can be generated which open up new reaction pathways in organic synthesis. Crucial are photosensitizers, which absorb light and transfer energy to substrates by various mechanisms, processes that highly depend on the distance between the molecules involved. Supramolecular coordination cages are well studied and synthetically accessible reaction vessels with single cavities for guest binding, ensuring close proximity of different components. Due to high modularity of their size, shape, and the nature of metal centers and ligands, cages are ideal platforms to exploit preorganization in photocatalysis. Herein we focus on the application of supramolecular cages for photocatalysis in artificial photosynthesis and in organic photo(redox) catalysis. Finally, a brief overview of immobilization strategies for supramolecular cages provides tools for implementing cages into devices. This review provides inspiration for future design of photocatalytic supramolecular host−guest systems and their application in producing solar fuels and complex organic molecules.

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Section: Photoredox Catalysis For the Synthesis Of Complex Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Coordination Cages for Artificial Photosynthesis and Synthetic Photocatalysis

et al. 2023

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“…This study utilizes the Hanna Instruments nitrate test kit that reduces the nitrate to nitrite using zinc, as shown in Equation : normalN normalO 3 − + normalZ normaln false( normals false) + 2 normalH + → normalN normalO 2 − + normalZ normaln 2 + + normalH 2 normalO The nitrite then reacts with the Griess reagent, an aromatic aniline compound (for example, sulfanilamide), to form a diazonium salt. This salt results in the formation of an azo complex, which is a pinkish-violet color, through a coupling reaction with N -(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine (NED) (see Figure ). The color generated can be measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 543 nm. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colorimetry is an easy-to-use technique to detect nitrates in water without the use of expensive equipment and can be implemented into microfluidic devices or portable test kits that allow for the field measurement of nitrates. − The chemistry of the colorimetric method for the detection of nitrate concentrations involves the reduction of nitrate to nitrite followed by detection using the diazotization method proposed by Griess . Cadmium, zinc, nitrate reductase, vanadium(III), and hydrazine sulfate are among the reducing agents that have been employed for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite in the colorimetric method. , The high efficiency (>90%) of cadmium for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite makes it a popular choice among nitrate test kits developed for natural waters .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Inexpensive, Rapid Method to Measure Nitrates in Freshwater to Enhance Student Learning

Gawankar,

Masten

2023

J. Chem. Educ.

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A laboratory experiment was designed and implemented in a STEM teaching laboratory at Michigan State University to engage students in an activity that not only introduced an innovative nitrate detection technique but also addressed one of the negative impacts of climate change, that is, the eutrophication of water bodies. The adverse effects of eutrophication on public health due to the presence of cyanotoxins make it crucial to monitor the trophic state of water bodies, which can be assessed by measuring the nitrate and phosphate concentrations. We developed a rapid method to measure nitrate concentrations in freshwater samples using a Hanna Instruments Checker, which was designed to measure nitrate levels in seawater. We identified the sample matrix that would maximize the accuracy of the Checker instrument for freshwater samples and validated the analytical method via ion chromatography. Students gained knowledge of other aspects of laboratory procedures, such as sample collection, sample storage, and material compatibility, which are often ignored during conventional teaching practices.

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Detection of nitric oxide-mediated metabolic effects using real-time extracellular flux analysis

Vagher,

Amiel

2024

PLoS ONE

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Dendritic cell (DC) activation is marked by key events including: (I) rapid induction and shifting of metabolism favoring glycolysis for generation of biosynthetic metabolic intermediates and (II) large scale changes in gene expression including the upregulation of the antimicrobial enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which produces the toxic gas nitric oxide (NO). Historically, acute metabolic reprogramming and NO-mediated effects on cellular metabolism have been studied at specific timepoints during the DC activation process, namely at times before and after NO production. However, no formal method of real time detection of NO-mediated effects on DC metabolism have been fully described. Here, using Real-Time Extracellular Flux Analysis, we experimentally establish the phenomenon of an NO-dependent mitochondrial respiration threshold, which shows how titration of an activating stimulus is inextricably linked to suppression of mitochondrial respiration in an NO-dependent manner. As part of this work, we explore the efficacy of two different iNOS inhibitors in blocking the iNOS reaction kinetically in real time and explore/discuss parameters and considerations for application using Real Time Extracellular Flux Analysis technology. In addition, we show, the temporal relationship between acute metabolic reprogramming and NO-mediated sustained metabolic reprogramming kinetically in single real-time assay. These findings provide a method for detection of NO-mediated metabolic effects in DCs and offer novel insight into the timing of the DC activation process with its associated key metabolic events, revealing a better understanding of the nuances of immune cell biology.

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Griess Diazotization

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Supramolecular Coordination Cages for Artificial Photosynthesis and Synthetic Photocatalysis

Supramolecular Coordination Cages for Artificial Photosynthesis and Synthetic Photocatalysis

Development of an Inexpensive, Rapid Method to Measure Nitrates in Freshwater to Enhance Student Learning

Detection of nitric oxide-mediated metabolic effects using real-time extracellular flux analysis

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