Grinding energy and physical properties of chopped and hammer-milled barley, wheat, oat, and canola straws

Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar; Tabil, Lope G.; Yong, Song Han; Iroba, Kingsley L.; Meda, Venkatesh

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.10.011

Cited by 88 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Tumuluru et al [20] discussed in detail the densities of barley, wheat, canola, and oat straws ground using hammer mill fitted with screen sizes of 19.1, 25.4, and 31.75 mm. The bulk densities of these ground straws samples were in the range of 36 to 67, 37 to 58, 48 to 58, and 40 to 58 kg/m 3 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study indicated that using large hammer mill screen size in appropriate combination with other material and process variables could help to produce good quality briquettes, which might reduce the production cost. Mani et al [45], Kaliyan and Morey [7], and Tumuluru et al [20] reported that the energy consumption for grinding increases exponentially as the screen size becomes smaller. Because a briquette is used for direct combustion, a large screen size (25 to 32 mm) can be used for briquette formation, while avoiding the high cost of grinding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 indicates that the composition of agricultural straws varies with feedstock variety. The straw samples were ground initially using a chopper (fabricated by Bioprocessing Lab, Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, University of Saskatchewan [20]) with no screens and further ground using a hammer mill (Serial no. 6 M13688; Glen Mills Inc., Maywood, NJ) using screen openings of 19.1, 25.4, and 31.75 mm [20].…”

Section: Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agricultural straws were initially chopped and later ground using a hammer mill. Tumuluru et al [20] has discussed, in detail, the chopper and hammer mill used for grinding of the agricultural straws used in the present briquetting study. The moisture content of the ground biomass was further adjusted to the desired levels per experimental design.…”

Section: Hydraulic Briquette Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of process conditions on the density and durability of wheat, oat, canola, and barley straw briquettes

et al. 2014

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The present study is to understand the impact of process conditions on the quality attributes of wheat oat, barley, and canola straw briquettes. Analysis of variance indicated that briquette moisture content and initial density immediately after compaction and final density after 2 weeks of storage are strong functions of feedstock moisture content and compression pressure, whereas durability rating is influenced by die temperature and feedstock moisture content. Briquettes produced at a low feedstock moisture content of 9 % (w.b.) yielded maximum densities >700 kg/m 3 for wheat, oat, canola, and barley straws. Lower feedstock moisture content of <10 % (w.b.) and higher die temperatures >110°C and compression pressure >10 MPa minimized the briquette moisture content and maximized densities and durability rating based on surface plots observations. Optimal process conditions indicated that a low feedstock moisture content of about 9 % (w.b.), high die temperature of 120-130°C, medium-to-large hammer mill screen sizes of about 24 to 31.75 mm, and low to high compression pressures of 7.5 to 12.5 MPa minimized briquette moisture content to <8 % (w.b.) and maximized density to >700 kg/m 3 . Durability rating >90 % is achievable at higher die temperatures of >123°C, lower to medium feedstock moisture contents of 9 to 12 % (w.b.), low to high compression pressures of 7.5 to 12.5 MPa, and large hammer mill screen size of 31.75 mm, except for canola where a lower compression pressure of 7.5 to 8.5 MPa and a smaller hammer mill screen size of 19 mm for oat maximized the durability rating values.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydraulic Briquette Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of process conditions on the density and durability of wheat, oat, canola, and barley straw briquettes

et al. 2014

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“…The reported values are an average of three measurements. All raw materials were further tested for bulk and particle density following the ASABE S267 standard procedure [30,31].…”

Section: Raw Materials and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on Storage Off-Gas Emissions from Woody, Herbaceous, and Torrefied Biomass

Tumuluru

Lim

et al. 2015

Energies

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Wood chips, torrefied wood chips, ground switchgrass, and wood pellets were tested for off-gas emissions during storage. Storage canisters with gas-collection ports were used to conduct experiments at room temperature of 20 °C and in a laboratory oven set at 40 °C . Commercially-produced wood pellets yielded the highest carbon monoxide (CO) emissions at both 20 and 40 °C (1600 and 13,000 ppmv), whereas torrefied wood chips emitted the lowest of about <200 and <2000 ppmv. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from wood pellets were 3000 ppmv and 42,000 ppmv, whereas torrefied wood chips registered at about 2000 and 25,000 ppmv, at 20 and 40 °C at the end of 11 days of storage. CO emission factors (milligrams per kilogram of biomass) calculated were lowest for ground switchgrass and torrefied wood chips (2.68 and 4.86 mg/kg) whereas wood pellets had the highest CO of OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 1746 about 10.60 mg/kg, respectively, at 40 °C after 11 days of storage. In the case of CO2, wood pellets recorded the lowest value of 55.46 mg/kg, whereas switchgrass recorded the highest value of 318.72 mg/kg. This study concludes that CO emission factor is highest for wood pellets, CO2 is highest for switchgrass and CH4 is negligible for all feedstocks except for wood pellets, which is about 0.374 mg/kg at the end of 11-day storage at 40 °C.

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Steam explosion and its combinatorial pretreatment refining technology of plant biomass to bio‐based products

Chen

Liu

2015

Biotechnology Journal

134

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Pretreatment is a key unit operation affecting the refinery efficiency of plant biomass. However, the poor efficiency of pretreatment and the lack of basic theory are the main challenges to the industrial implementation of the plant biomass refinery. The purpose of this work is to review steam explosion and its combinatorial pretreatment as a means of overcoming the intrinsic characteristics of plant biomass, including recalcitrance, heterogeneity, multi-composition, and diversity. The main advantages of the selective use of steam explosion and other combinatorial pretreatments across the diversity of raw materials are introduced. Combinatorial pretreatment integrated with other unit operations is proposed as a means to exploit the high-efficiency production of bio-based products from plant biomass. Finally, several pilot- and demonstration-scale operations of the plant biomass refinery are described. Based on the principle of selective function and structure fractionation, and multi-level and directional composition conversion, an integrated process with the combinatorial pretreatments of steam explosion and other pretreatments as the core should be feasible and conform to the plant biomass refinery concept. Combinatorial pretreatments of steam explosion and other pretreatments should be further exploited based on the type and intrinsic characteristics of the plant biomass used, the bio-based products to be made, and the complementarity of the processes.

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Grinding energy and physical properties of chopped and hammer-milled barley, wheat, oat, and canola straws

Cited by 88 publications

References 30 publications

Impact of process conditions on the density and durability of wheat, oat, canola, and barley straw briquettes

Impact of process conditions on the density and durability of wheat, oat, canola, and barley straw briquettes

Analysis on Storage Off-Gas Emissions from Woody, Herbaceous, and Torrefied Biomass

Steam explosion and its combinatorial pretreatment refining technology of plant biomass to bio‐based products

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