Grinding Temperature and Surface Integrity of Quenched Automotive Transmission Gear during the Form Grinding Process

Jiang, Xiaoqing; Liu, Ke; Yan, Yong; Li, Maojun; Gong, Pan; He, Hong

doi:10.3390/ma15217723

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The sample surface topography analysis after grinding indicates that during machining, furrowing of the machined material was observed ( Figure 4 ). This is characteristic of the grinding process in a plastic flow situation [ 55 ]. The observed surfaces do not show defects over large areas, which is characteristic of brittle fracture mechanisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a New Type of Grinding Wheel with Multi-Granular Abrasive Grains on Surface Topography Properties after Grinding of Inconel 625

et al. 2023

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Finishing operations are one of the most challenging tasks during a manufacturing process, and are responsible for achieving dimensional accuracy of the manufactured parts and the desired surface topography properties. One of the most advanced finishing technologies is grinding. However, typical grinding processes have limitations in the acquired surface topography properties, especially in finishing difficult to cut materials such as Inconel 625. To overcome this limitation, a new type of grinding wheel is proposed. The tool is made up of grains of different sizes, which results in less damage to the work surface and an enhancement in the manufacturing process. In this article, the results of an experimental study of the surface grinding process of Inconel 625 with single-granular and multi-granular wheels are presented. The influence of various input parameters on the roughness parameter (Sa) and surface topography was investigated. Statistical models of the grinding process were developed based on our research. Studies showed that with an increase in the cutting speed, the surface roughness values of the machined samples decreased (Sa = 0.9 μm for a Vc of 33 m/s for a multigranular wheel). Observation of the grinding process showed an unfavorable effect of a low grinding wheel speed on the machined surface. For both conventional and multigranular wheels, the highest value for the Sa parameter was obtained for Vc = 13 m/s. Regarding the surface topography, the observed surfaces did not show defects over large areas in the cases of both wheels. However, a smaller portion of single traces of active abrasive grains was observed in the case of the multi-granular wheel, indicating that this tool performs better finishing operations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a New Type of Grinding Wheel with Multi-Granular Abrasive Grains on Surface Topography Properties after Grinding of Inconel 625

et al. 2023

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“…By comparing the cross-section profile of the ground surface, it can be found that the CBN wheel grinding surface profile was smooth, while the alumina wheel grinding surface profile was rough, including short lines, bumps, and pits. In addition to the pits, it can also be observed that a bright white dense layer on the surface ground by the alumina wheel, which was similar to the plastic deformation layer caused by mechanical extrusion [ 23 ]. The surface material was crushed into smaller grains under the extrusion of the grinding wheel, so the structure became relatively dense.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grinding Force and Surface Formation Mechanisms of 17CrNi2MoVNb Alloy When Grinding with CBN and Alumina Wheels

Jiang

Liu²,

et al. 2023

Materials

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The 17CrNi2MoVNb alloy is widely used for manufacturing heavy-duty gears in vehicles’ transmission systems, where grinding is a significant process affecting gears’ working performance and service life. This work comprehensively analyzed the grinding force, surface morphology, and surface roughness when grinding 17CrNi2MoVNb alloy using alumina and CBN grinding wheels. Results showed that the maximum normal grinding force from the CBN wheel was only ~67% of the one from the alumina wheel. Due to the small size and limited cutting depth of CBN grains, the grinding force increased by about 20% when the grinding depth increased from 0.02 to 0.03 mm for CBN grinding wheels. Surface defects, including cavities and material tearing, were mainly found on the ground surface when using an alumina grinding wheel. The surface roughness Ra recorded from the CBN grinding wheel mainly ranged from 0.263 to 0.410 μm, accounting for less than 40% of the one from the alumina grinding wheel. The information from this work could provide benchmark data and references for optimizing grinding tools and parameters when manufacturing gears in the vehicle industry.

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“…The allowance in P3 was divided into three stages, with a grinding depth of 0.025 mm in the rough grinding stage (14 passes), 0.015 mm in the semi-fine grinding stage (2 passes), and 0.01 mm in the fine grinding stage (2 passes). As the grinding depth increased, more abrasive particles were involved in the cutting process, generating and transferring more heat into the workpiece [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Additionally, the limited thermal conductivity of the workpiece material and the limited time interval between each grinding stroke led to heat accumulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on Microstructure Alteration and Surface Morphology While Grinding 20Cr2Ni4A Gears with Different Grinding Allowance Allocation

Wang,

Peng,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Materials

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Transmission gear is a key component of vehicles and its surface integrity affects the safety of the transmission system as well as the entire mechanical system. The design and optimization of allowances in form grinding are important for improving dimensional accuracy and machining efficiency during the manufacturing of heavy-duty gears. This work aims to investigate the effects of grinding allowance allocation on surface morphology, grinding temperature, microstructure, surface roughness, and microhardness fluctuation during the form grinding of 20Cr2Ni4A gears. Results indicated that grinding temperature was primarily influenced by rough grinding involving significant grinding depths exceeding 0.02 mm. The ground surface exhibited slight work hardening, while thermal softening led to a reduction in microhardness of around 40 HV. Ground surface roughness Ra varied from 0.930 μm to 1.636 μm, with an allowance allocation of the last two passes exerting the most significant influence. Analysis of surface and subsurface microstructures indicated that a removal thickness of 0.02 mm during fine grinding was insufficient to eliminate the roughness obtained from rough grinding. Evident ridges, gullies, and surface defects such as material extraction, adhesion, and plastic deformation were also observed. The proposed grinding strategy was validated in practical manufacturing with good surface quality and geometrical accuracy.

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Grinding Temperature and Surface Integrity of Quenched Automotive Transmission Gear during the Form Grinding Process

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of a New Type of Grinding Wheel with Multi-Granular Abrasive Grains on Surface Topography Properties after Grinding of Inconel 625

Effects of a New Type of Grinding Wheel with Multi-Granular Abrasive Grains on Surface Topography Properties after Grinding of Inconel 625

Grinding Force and Surface Formation Mechanisms of 17CrNi2MoVNb Alloy When Grinding with CBN and Alumina Wheels

Experimental Investigation on Microstructure Alteration and Surface Morphology While Grinding 20Cr2Ni4A Gears with Different Grinding Allowance Allocation

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