Grisel Syndrome: Pathophysiological Evidence from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

Park, See-Hyun; Park, Sung-Hee; Lee, Sang‐Hee

doi:10.5535/arm.2013.37.5.713

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There is no universally accepted treatment model. Some authors [6] suggest conservative treatment (immobilization, antibiotics, resting, and analgesics) for types 1 and 2 (cervical traction and muscle relaxants in addition to type 1) and more invasive methods (halo immobilization arthrodesis and C1-C2 cervical fusion) for types 3 and 4. Wetzel and Lorracca [7] proposed another treatment algorithm: a soft The goal of treatment of Grisel's syndrome is to prevent bone deformities and to treat infectious disease and prevent neurological sequelae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Complication Following Adenotonsillectomy: Grisel’s Syndrome

Altıntoprak¹

2018

South Clin Ist Euras

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The nontraumatic subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint, also called Grisel's syndrome, is a rarely seen phenomenon in the pediatric population after nasopharyngeal inflammation or otolaryngological surgery. The patients are usually between 5 and 12 years old, and there is no gender difference in occurrence. Grisel's syndrome should be considered in patients who have painful torticollis after an upper airway infection or otolaryngological surgery. The most important factor affecting the prognosis is early diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis not only allows for conservative treatment, but it also prevents permanent neck deformity and the development of severe neurological deficit and morbidity due to extensive surgical procedures. Otolaryngologists should be aware of this rare, but potentially serious, condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Complication Following Adenotonsillectomy: Grisel’s Syndrome

Altıntoprak¹

2018

South Clin Ist Euras

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“…A diagnosis of Grisel syndrome should be considered in patients with acute torticollis after infection or surgery of the head and neck, even in the absence of underlying conditions associated with a laxity of the atlanto-axial joint. In Korea, 4 cases of Grisel syndrome have been reported, following courses of acute cervical lymphadenitis, upper respiratory tract infection, pulmonary tuberculosis and tonsillectomy [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a search on MEDLINE as of May 2016, 105 cases have been reported since 1930, when Pierre Grisel described patients presenting torticollis and atlanto-axial subluxation following pharyngitis. The incidence of Grisel syndrome remains unknown, and 4 cases have been reported in Korea [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Grisel Syndrome Showing No Underlying Laxity of the Atlanto-axial Joint

Ahn

Park

et al. 2017

Ann Rehabil Med

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Grisel syndrome is a rare, non-traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation associated with an inflammatory or infectious process in the upper neck. According to the two-hit hypothesis, which is widely accepted for the pathogenesis of Grisel syndrome, preexisting ligamentous laxity of the atlanto-axial joint is regarded as the first hit. An inflammatory or infectious process of the atlanto-axial joint acts as the second hit, resulting in non-traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation. We report on a 6-year-old girl with atlanto-axial subluxation following retropharyngeal and cervical lymphadenitis. She was diagnosed with Grisel syndrome, for which an initial computed tomography did not show any preexisting ligamentous laxity of the atlanto-axial joint. A literature review found only 4 case reports on Grisel syndrome with an initially normal atlanto-axial joint. The present case offers some evidence that a single hit, such as inflammatory changes in the atlanto-axial joint, might cause Grisel syndrome, even without underlying ligamentous laxity.

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“…AARF due to nontraumatic causes, such as upper respiratory tract inflammation or ENT surgery, is relatively rare. The former includes cervical lymphadenitis [ 3 ] and retropharyngeal abscess [ 4 ]. The latter includes adenotonsillectomy [ 5 ], tympanoplasty [ 6 ], and otoplasty [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report of Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation after Cochlear Implantation

Nakashima

Matsuda

Okuda

et al. 2016

Case Reports in Otolaryngology

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Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) is a relatively rare condition and is mainly seen in children. We report of a 7-year-old girl suffering from AARF after cochlear implantation (CI). Fortunately, early diagnosis based on three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) was made, and the patient was cured with conservative therapy. Nontraumatic AARF, which is also known as Grisel's syndrome and occurs subsequent to neck infections or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery, represents only a small fraction of AARF cases. Two factors are mainly thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of the condition estimated, namely, (i) neck immaturity in children and (ii) infiltration by inflammatory mediators around the upper neck joint, easily permitted by the neck vasculature. AARF should be suspected in case of torticollis developing after ENT surgery.

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Grisel Syndrome: Pathophysiological Evidence from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

A Rare Complication Following Adenotonsillectomy: Grisel’s Syndrome

A Rare Complication Following Adenotonsillectomy: Grisel’s Syndrome

A Case of Grisel Syndrome Showing No Underlying Laxity of the Atlanto-axial Joint

Case Report of Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation after Cochlear Implantation

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