Grismadox gen. nov., a new Neotropical genus of ant-resembling spiders (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae), including the description of two new species from Bolivia and Paraguay

Pett, Brogan L.; Rubio, Gonzalo; Perger, Robert

doi:10.3897/zse.98.76677

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For example, the SD was not observed in two other species of Myrmecotypus and their formicine models C. femoratus (Fabricius, 1804) and Dolichoderus bispinosus (Olivier, 1792) (Perger & Rubio, 2020b, 2021). Among the observed castianeirines, species of Castianeira , Grismadox, Mazax and Sphecotypus and their mostly ponerine ant models cannot move the abdomen under the forebody due to its length (see Perger & Perger, 2017; Perger & Pett, 2022; Pett et al., 2022). The four species of the only remaining castianeirine genus we observed in the study area, Myrmecium , have a similarly short and rounded abdomen as Myrmecotypus , but showed no SD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

And the Oscar goes to… – Species‐specific ant behaviour related to predator defence in ant‐mimicking spiders

Perger,

Rubio,

Baigorria

2024

Austral Ecology

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Mimicry, the superficial resemblance between organisms of two or more species, is considered a textbook example for natural selection, for which it is assumed that predators are important selective agents. Ant mimicking spiders have received considerable attention in studies on mimicry because they include examples with remarkable, species‐specific morphological adaptations. Ant‐like behaviours such as erratic locomotory patterns, abdomen bobbing and vertical movements of the first or second pair of legs to imitate antennal movements, are assumed to have evolved before morphological mimicry and may be considered adaptations to general ant resemblance. Species‐specific behavioural ant mimicry (behaviour that is only observed in specific ants and imitated by their mimics) was very rarely documented and ant resembling behaviour that repels predator attacks has not been confirmed yet. In this study we report and discuss such species‐specific behaviour, a spray display (SD), in the castianeirine spiders Myrmecotypus iguazu (a morphologically accurate mimic of the carpenter ant Camponotus sericeiventris), and M. tahyinandu (a morphologically accurate mimic of C. crassus). The SD consisted of the raising of the cephalothorax and moving of the abdomen ventrally under the cephalothorax, pointing the apex forward, and holding the antennae (ant) or first pair of legs (spiders) at an angle of about 45°–120°. The morphological adaptations that are required to perform the SD and the lack of an alternative explanation for the purpose of this display suggest that the SD has evolved to enhance both general behavioural and morphologically accurate ant resemblance. The two observed Myrmecotypus species may be considered the behaviorally most accurate ant‐resembling spiders known to date, as the SD may provide protection against spider‐ and ant‐eating predators at a point in predator interactions where other myrmecomorph spiders may abandon their ant‐resembling behaviour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

And the Oscar goes to… – Species‐specific ant behaviour related to predator defence in ant‐mimicking spiders

Perger,

Rubio,

Baigorria

2024

Austral Ecology

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“…Between 2018–2020, a preliminary survey into the spider fauna of the south-western Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú in the Humid Chaco ecoregion was initiated by the author. Several interesting castianeirines have been published from these collections including the discovery of two species of the genus Grismadox by Pett, Rubio & Perger (2022), and first confirmed males (and new records) of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945 (Pett & Perger 2021). The objective of this paper is to report on a new species of Castianeira , based on four male specimens, two from Ñeembucú in Paraguay, and two Bolivian specimens loaned to the author from Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (Germany).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A new species of Castianeira (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) from central South America

Pett

2023

Arachnology

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Castianeira monai sp. nov. is described based on specimens from south-western Paraguay and southern Bolivia, the new species has a distribution in Humid Chaco and the Beni Savanna ecoregion. The new species is distinct in embolic morphology with two thicker basal coils and four thinner tapering coils to apex, also the proportions of anterior eyes, the presence of distinct anterior abdominal spines, tibia I ventral spination 3-2 and a bright red abdomen and orange carapace separate this species from Neotropical congeners.

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“…Grismadox karuguaPett, Rubio & Perger, 2022 ♂♀ Grismadox karugua Pett, Rubio & Perger, 2022.Septentrinna inecol Quijano-Cuervo & Negrete-Yankelevitch, 2022 ♂♀ Septentrinna inecol Quijano-Cuervo & Negrete-Yankelevitch, 2022: 618, f. 1A-D, 2A-F, 3A-D. 郑氏鲍伊蛛 Bowie zhengi Yao & Li, 2022 ♂♀ Bowie zhengi Yao & Li, inLu et al, 2022a: 14, f. 5a-c, 6a-f, 8c. Cybaeus viator Bennett, 2022 ♂♀ Cybaeus viator Bennett, in Bennett, Copley & Copley, 2022a: 201, f. 37-39, 43-48.…”

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New taxa of spiders (Araneae) from the world in 2022

Yang,

Yan,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Biodiversity Science

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Aim: Notwithstanding talk of a "taxonomic impediment" over the past 30 years, the exponential growth in the global number of newly described spider species during the 1975-2000 period, has continued unabated. This paper focuses on the advances in taxonomic studies of spiders in 2022 worldwide, with detailed statistical analyses of new taxa, type localities, arachnologists driving such research, and journals publishing their work. Progress: A total of 1,177 new taxa (including species in amber) were described in 2022, including 81 new genera and 1,096 new species. They belong to 74 families, with type localities spanning across 97 countries and jurisdictions. The new taxa were documented by 340 arachnologists in 289 papers, published separately in 60 journals. Out of these 289 papers, 23 or 8% comprised monographs, regional studies, and revisions of selected higher taxa (at family and genus levels). The proportion of papers incorporating DNA analyses made up 18.3% (totaling 53 papers). China is the country with the highest number of new species discovered, a total of 362, accounting for 33.0% of the global tally. With as many as 75 arachnologists naming new spider taxa, China becomes the country with the highest number of publishing spider taxonomists, accounting for 22.1% of the world's total. Among them, the most prolific arachnologist is Shuqiang Li who described a total of 194 new taxa, accounting for 16.5% of the new taxa described in 2022 worldwide. Altogether, Li and his remaining 74 Chinese colleagues described a total of 436 new taxa, comprising 26 new genera and 410 new species belonging to 50 families, from China, Myanmar, and eight other countries and jurisdictions. These new taxa described by Chinese arachnologists made up 37.0% of the 2022 global aggregate, an improvement over the Chinese output 2021•生物编目• 2022年新物种专题

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Grismadox gen. nov., a new Neotropical genus of ant-resembling spiders (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae), including the description of two new species from Bolivia and Paraguay

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

And the Oscar goes to… – Species‐specific ant behaviour related to predator defence in ant‐mimicking spiders

And the Oscar goes to… – Species‐specific ant behaviour related to predator defence in ant‐mimicking spiders

A new species of Castianeira (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) from central South America

New taxa of spiders (Araneae) from the world in 2022

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