Grit in sport: a scoping review

Cormier, Danielle L.; Ferguson, Leah J.; Gyurcsik, Nancy C.; Briere, Jennifer L.; Dunn, John G.H.; Kowalski, Kent C.

doi:10.1080/1750984x.2021.1934887

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Even though, Grit-O and Grit-S remain the most widely used measures in different contexts and countries (see Arco-Tirado et al, 2018). For example, in sport, according to the scoping review elaborated by Cormier et al ( 44 ), previous research on the measurement of athletes Grit in different levels of practice was achieved by these instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Development and Psychometric Evidence of Physical Education Grit Scale (PE-Grit)

Guelmami

Chalghaf

Tannoubi

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundGrit is a key concept in positive psychology and educational science. The construct measures two related constructs that are interest and effort. Several instruments have been developed to measure this construct in professional and educational contexts, but no tools have been developed considering specific contexts such as physical education and sport.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to develop and test a measurement scale to assess Grit in the context of physical education and sport.MethodsTwo exploratory (Phase 1) and confirmatory (Phase 2) samples were administered the 16-item PE-Grit scale in Arabic. In addition, the confirmatory sample also was administered the R-SPQ-2F two-factor learning approaches scale. The factor structure was examined first by exploratory factor analysis on the first sample and then by confirmatory factor analysis on the second sample. Reliability testing was performed by checking internal consistency simultaneously by the three indices: McDonald's ω, Cronbach's α and Gutmann's λ6. Concurrent validity was checked by Pearson's correlation between the PE-Grit and the two dimensions of the SPQ-2F.ResultsAfter the exploratory factor analysis, which identified the factors and gave a preliminary validation of the designed instrument, confirmatory factor analysis was performed on three hierarchical models to be able to identify the best fitting model. A third-order hierarchical model with two physical and academic components each formed by interest and effort presented the best fit indices: chi X2 = 192.95 (p < 0.01), and the X2/DF = 1.36; GFI = 0.99; AGFI = 0.99; CFI and TLI close to 1; RMSEA = 0.025. In addition, McDonald's ω, internal consistency, and Gutmann's λ6 ranged from 0.78 to 0.86 for all four scale dimensions.ConclusionThe PE-Grit scale displays adequate factor structure, good reliability, and acceptable concurrent validity and can be administered to assess Grit in physical education and sport students.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Development and Psychometric Evidence of Physical Education Grit Scale (PE-Grit)

Guelmami

Chalghaf

Tannoubi

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Last, to assess grit, we employed the Farsi version of the Short Grit Scale; the Farsi measure has not been psychometrically validated so far. Moreover, the concept of grit has faced several criticisms [ 53 , 88 ], and further research about this construct is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When discussing athletes’ mindfulness and sport performance, these dimensions were associated with grit [ 53 ]. Grit is conceptualized as passion, endurance and tenacity [ 54 ] for long-term goals and has been associated with optimal performance [ 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Effects of Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment Training on Self-Compassion and Grit among Elite Female Athletes

Mohebi

Sadeghi-Bahmani

Zarei

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Mindfulness-based interventions are well-established in the field of psychotherapy, and such interventions have also gained increased attention in the field of sport psychology, either to cope with psychological pressure or to improve an athlete’s performance. The goal of the present study was to examine whether a Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment (MAC) program could increase self-compassion and grit among elite female athletes compared to an active control condition. To this end, we performed a randomized trial among female adult athletes. Methods: Forty female adult athletes (Mage = 22.22, SD = 2.40) were randomly assigned either to the Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment group (n = 20; 7 group sessions, 60 min each) or the active control group (n = 20; 7 group sessions, 60 min each). At baseline, seven weeks later at the end of the study and again four weeks later at follow-up, participants completed a series of self-rating questionnaires on mindfulness, self-compassion and grit. Results: Dimensions of mindfulness, self-compassion and grit improved over time, but more so in the Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment condition compared to the active control condition. Improvements remained stable from the study end to follow-up. Conclusions: While the active control condition improved dimensions of mindfulness, self-compassion and grit among female adult athletes, improvements were much stronger in the Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment condition. Importantly, improvements in the Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment condition remained stable over a time lapse of four weeks at follow-up after study completion, suggesting that the Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment intervention appeared to improve cognitive–emotional learning processes.

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“…Grit—which reflects an individual’s dispositional tendency to pursue goals over long periods of time despite adversity and setbacks ( Duckworth et al, 2007 )—has been identified as a personality characteristic that plays an important role in the achievement striving process in various performance domains. For example, higher levels of grit have been linked with higher attainment levels in academic settings ( Credé et al, 2017 ), lower attrition rates in arduous military training/selection programs ( Eskreis-Winkler et al, 2014 ), and higher performance levels in competitive sport ( Cormier et al, 2021 ). Higher levels of grit have also been associated with better mental- and physical-health in students with chronic medical conditions ( Traino et al, 2019 ) and reduced depression and suicidal ideation in military personnel ( Pennings et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Predictive Validity of the Grit Scale-Short (Grit-S) Using Domain-General and Domain-Specific Approaches With Student-Athletes

2022

Self Cite

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This paper contributes to the debate as to whether grit is best conceptualized and measured as a domain-specific or domain-general construct. In the field of sport psychology, grit has traditionally been conceptualized and measured as a domain-general construct, with the majority of studies using the Grit Scale-Short (Grit-S: Duckworth and Quinn, 2009) to assess grit and its relationships with an array of personality-, performance-, and health-related outcomes. To date, no studies have compared the predictive validity of domain-general and domain-specific versions of the Grit-S with athletes who operate in different achievement settings. In a sample of United Kingdom student-athletes (N = 326, 214 males, 112 females; Mage = 19.55 years, SD = 1.48 years), we examined the degree to which a domain-general version and two domain-specific versions of the Grit-S accounted for variance in two criterion variables that were either situated in an academic context (i.e., emotional exhaustion) or a sport context (i.e., competitive level). Results obtained from a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that an academic-version of the Grit-S explained unique variance in academic emotional exhaustion beyond the variance explained by the domain-general version of the scale, and a sport-version of the Grit-S explained unique variance in competitive level beyond the variance explained by the domain-general version. Results support the adoption of domain-specific approaches to measure grit in specific achievement contexts. Our findings highlight the need for researchers to carefully consider the measurement approaches they adopt when studying grit in individuals who operate across different achievement settings.

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Grit in sport: a scoping review

Cited by 33 publications

References 114 publications

Initial Development and Psychometric Evidence of Physical Education Grit Scale (PE-Grit)

Initial Development and Psychometric Evidence of Physical Education Grit Scale (PE-Grit)

Examining the Effects of Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment Training on Self-Compassion and Grit among Elite Female Athletes

Examining the Predictive Validity of the Grit Scale-Short (Grit-S) Using Domain-General and Domain-Specific Approaches With Student-Athletes

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