Grooved Pegboard Test as a measure of executive functioning

Tolle, Kathryn; Rahman‐Filipiak, Annalise; Hale, Andrew C.; Andren, Katherine A. Kitchen; Spencer, Robert J.

doi:10.1080/23279095.2018.1559165

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The GPT was associated with a greater number of brain volume correlates than the FTT, which is consistent with its greater task complexity, as it requires a wider span of executive functions. 11,14 In addition, the results confirmed relatively high rates of alcohol and drug use in our homeless cohort with or without TBI. Although we did not have the power to show significant differences in the TBI homeless group, there were trends supporting more of these associated behaviors in our TBI homeless group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…13 Meanwhile, the Grooved Peg-board Test (GPT) was developed to assess fine motor speed, which requires both manual dexterity and complex motor coordination. 11,14 Some studies have suggested its use as a test of cognitive function, in addition to its motor components, as a result of its ability to reflect the cognitive decline associated with postural instability and falls in patients with Parkinson's disease. 15 Although a significant amount of literature exists pertaining to the use of both of these neuropsychological (NP) tests in the general population, 14,[16][17][18] the literature regarding their measurement in homeless populations remains scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Dysfunction, Brain Volumes, and Traumatic Brain Injury in Homeless Persons

Cusimano

Saha

Zhang

et al. 2021

Neurotrauma Reports

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Although homeless persons experience traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently, little is known about the structural and functional brain changes in this group. We aimed to describe brain volume changes and related cognitive/ motor deficits in homeless persons with or without TBI versus controls. Participants underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuropsychological (NP) tests (the Grooved Pegboard Test [GPT]/Finger Tapping Test [FTT]), alcohol/drug use screens (the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]/Drug Abuse Screening Test [DAST]), and questionnaires (the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire [BISQ]/General Information Questionnaire [GIQ]) to determine TBI. Normalized volumes of brain substructures from MRI were derived from FreeSurfer. Comparisons were tested by Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests. Leave-one-out crossvalidation using random forest classifier was applied to determine the ability of predicting TBI. Diagnostic ability of this classifier was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Fifty-one participants-25 homeless persons (9 with TBI) and 26 controls-were included. The homeless group had higher AUDIT scores and smaller thalamus and brainstem volumes (p < 0.001) than controls. Within homeless participants, the TBI group had reduced normalized volumes of nucleus accumbens, thalamus, ventral diencephalon, and brainstem compared with the non-TBI group (p < 0.001). Homeless participants took more time on the GPT compared with controls using both hands (p < 0.0001); but the observed effects were more pronounced in the homeless group with TBI in the non-dominant hand. Homeless persons with TBI had fewer dominant hand finger taps than controls (p = 0.0096), and homeless participants with (p = 0.0148) or without TBI (p = 0.0093) tapped less than controls with their non-dominant hand. In all participants, TBI was predicted with an AUC of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-1.00) by the classifier modeled on MRI, NP tests, and screening data combined. The MRI-data-based classifier was the best predictor of TBI within the homeless group (AUC: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.53-0.99). Normalized volumes of specific brain substructures were important indicators of TBI in homeless participants and they are important indicators of TBI in the state of homelessness itself. They may improve predictive ability of NP and screening tests in determining these outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Dysfunction, Brain Volumes, and Traumatic Brain Injury in Homeless Persons

Cusimano

Saha

Zhang

et al. 2021

Neurotrauma Reports

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“…All subjects received a range of neuropsychological tests, which were sensitive and commonly used in T2DM-related studies, including the MoCA (25), auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) (26), trail making test (TMT; including parts A and B) (27), grooved pegboard test (GPT) (28), symbol digit test (SDT) (29), the clock drawing test (CDT) (30), and the digital span test (DST, including forward and backward) (31). The AVLT involved four parts: immediate recall, short-term delayed recall, long-term delayed recall, and recognition.…”

Section: Cognitive Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Functional Hubs and Connectivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Without Mild Cognitive Impairment

Liang

Tan

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related cognitive decline is associated with neuroimaging changes. However, only a few studies have focused on early functional alteration in T2DM prior to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to investigate the early changes of global connectivity patterns in T2DM by using a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) technique. Methods: Thirty-four T2DM subjects and 38 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent rs-fMRI in a 3T MRI scanner. Degree centrality (DC) was used to identify the functional hubs of the whole brain in T2DM without MCI. Then the functional connectivity (FC) between hubs and the rest of the brain was assessed by using the hub-based approach. Results: Compared with HCs, T2DM subjects showed increased DC in the right cerebellum lobules III-V. Hub-based FC analysis found that the right cerebellum lobules III-V of T2DM subjects had increased FC with the right cerebellum crus II and lobule VI, the right temporal inferior/middle gyrus, and the right hippocampus. Conclusions: Increased DC in the right cerebellum regions III-V, as well as increased FC within cerebellar regions and ipsilateral cerebrocerebellar regions, may indicate an important pathophysiological mechanism for compensation in T2DM without MCI.

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“…Holtzer and colleagues reveal that diabetes attenuates neural responses in PFC [10]. As well, Ryan et al report that diabetes was associated with reductions in psychomotor speed [8], which is likely associated with PFC functionality given that the Grooved Pegboard test requires intact sensory, motor, and even cognitive [49] functioning. Collectively, there is compelling evidence to support an adverse effect of diabetes on (multi)sensory, motor, and cognitive functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Influence of Diabetes on Multisensory Integration and Mobility in Aging

Mahoney

George

2021

Brain Sciences

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(1) Background: one out of every four adults over the age of 65 are living with diabetes, and this alarming rate continues to increase with age. Diabetes in older adults is associated with many adverse health outcomes, including sensory and motor impairments. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine whether diabetes influences the interplay between multisensory integration processes and mobility in aging. (2) Methods: in this cross-sectional observational study, we recruited 339 non-demented older adults (76.59 ± 6.21 years; 52% female, 18% with diabetes). Participants completed a simple reaction time test in response to visual, somatosensory, and combined visual-somatosensory stimulation. Magnitude of visual-somatosensory integration was computed and served as the independent variable. (3) Results: logistic regression revealed that presence of diabetes was inversely associated with the magnitude of visual-somatosensory integration (β = −3.21; p < 0.01). Further, mediation models revealed that presence of diabetes negatively influenced the relationship of visual–somatosensory integration magnitude with balance (95% CI −0.16, −0.01) and gait (95% CI −0.09, −0.01). Participants with diabetes and taking insulin (n = 14) failed to integrate sensory information entirely; (4) conclusions: taken together, results from this exploration provide compelling evidence to support the adverse effect of diabetes on both multisensory and motor functioning in older adults.

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Grooved Pegboard Test as a measure of executive functioning

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Cognitive Dysfunction, Brain Volumes, and Traumatic Brain Injury in Homeless Persons

Cognitive Dysfunction, Brain Volumes, and Traumatic Brain Injury in Homeless Persons

Altered Functional Hubs and Connectivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Without Mild Cognitive Impairment

The Influence of Diabetes on Multisensory Integration and Mobility in Aging

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