Gross anatomical study of the sympathetic cardiac nerves in the house musk shrew (<i>Suncus murinus</i>)

Ai, Tomohiko; Tanaka, Shigenori; Miyamoto, Kensaku; Yi, Shuang-Qin; Nakatani, Toshio

doi:10.1002/ar.20510

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…According to Kolesnikov (1935), the MG communicates with C4–5 on the left side of the chimpanzee, whereas the MG communicates with C4 on the left side of the orangutan. Eisler (1890) also found that the MG communicates with C3–4 in the gorilla (van den Broek,1908). Unfortunately, these ECNP studies in the gorilla and chimpanzee by Botar (1931a,b,1932), the orangutan by Riegele (1925–1926), and in the orangutan by Sonntag (1924) remain unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A few ACNS studies have been conducted on the great apes. Neither side of the MG communicates with any cervical nerve in the orangutan (van den Broek,1908). According to Botar (1932), neither side of the MG communicates with any cervical nerve in the gorilla.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several excellent studies are available on the ECNP of great apes (Schumacher,1902; van den Broek,1908; Sonntag,1924; Riegele,1925–1926; Botar,1931a,b,1932; Kolesnikov,1935), it is difficult to determine if the general great ape morphology results are normal because the studies were fragmented examinations with small sample sizes, mostly only one case. Therefore, one of the objectives of this study was to use a large sample size to answer the following questions: When did the middle cervical ganglion (MG) acquire communicating branches with the spinal cervical nerves during primate evolution? When did the superior cardiac nerve (SN) consistently originate from the superior cervical ganglion (SG)? Does the primate ECNP preserve evolutionary history or is it associated with the ecology and functional requirements as seen in the somatic system? Does the ECNP have an anatomical reorganization after birth? …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed Comparative Anatomy of the Extrinsic Cardiac Nerve Plexus and Postnatal Reorganization of the Cardiac Position and Innervation in the Great Apes: Orangutans, Gorillas, and Chimpanzees

Kawashima¹,

Sato²

2011

The Anatomical Record

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To speculate how the extrinsic cardiac nerve plexus (ECNP) evolves phyletically and ontogenetically within the primate lineage, we conducted a comparative anatomical study of the ECNP, including an imaging examination in the great apes using 20 sides from 11 bodies from three species and a range of postnatal stages from newborns to mature adults. Although the position of the middle cervical ganglion (MG) in the great apes tended to be relatively lower than that in humans, the morphology of the ECNP in adult great apes was almost consistent with that in adult humans but essentially different from that in the lesser apes or gibbons. Therefore, the well-argued anatomical question of when did the MG acquire communicating branches with the spinal cervical nerves and appear constantly in all sympathetic cardiac nerves during primate evolution is clearly considered to be after the great apes and gibbons split. Moreover, a horizontal four-chambered heart and a lifted cardiac apex with a relatively large volume in newborn great apes rapidly changed its position downward, as seen in humans during postnatal growth and was associated with a reduction in the hepatic volume by imaging diagnosis and gross anatomy. In addition, our observation using a range of postnatal stages exhibits that two sympathetic ganglia, the middle cervical and cervicothoracic ganglia, differed between the early and later postnatal stages. Anat Rec,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed Comparative Anatomy of the Extrinsic Cardiac Nerve Plexus and Postnatal Reorganization of the Cardiac Position and Innervation in the Great Apes: Orangutans, Gorillas, and Chimpanzees

Kawashima¹,

Sato²

2011

The Anatomical Record

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“…On the other hand, the lower limit of TN is difficult to correctly identify because TN is quite slender and has a complicated course along the vessel, appearing irregularly throughout the posterior mediastinum. Tanaka et al (2007) described the lowest origin of TN originating from 9TG in shrew (Suncus murinus) and Fig. 1 Photographs showing the autonomic cardiac nervous system (ACNS) in humans.…”

Section: Cardiac Nerves/branchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, studies on the sympathetic nervous system have been divided into the following two types: research on the proximal part from the spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia (Axford 1927(Axford -1928Becker and Grunt 1957;Harman 1900;Hoffman 1957;Jamieson et al 1952;Kuntz 1946;Mitchell 1953;Pick and Sheehan 1946;White and Smithwick 1952;Wrete 1959), and research on the distal part from the sympathetic ganglia to the visceral nerves (Ellison and Williams 1962;Fukuyama 1982;Hausman 1956;Janes et al 1986;Kuntz and Morehouse 1930;Mizeres 1963;Mitchell 1953;Pick 1970). Although a few excellent anatomical studies on the ACNS have been conducted recently (Batulevicius et al 2003(Batulevicius et al , 2005Pauza et al 2000Pauza et al , 2002Saburkina et al 2010;Tanaka et al 1998Tanaka et al , 2007, numerous points remain to be clarified regarding future human applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of the cardiac nervous system with clinical and comparative morphological implications

Kawashima

2010

Anat Sci Int

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Unlike autonomic nervous preservation in other surgeries for improving patient quality of life, autonomic cardiac nervous system (ACNS) preservation has been neglected in cardiovascular surgery because of technical difficulties and other unsolved issues. Because such ACNS preservation in cardiovascular surgery is anticipated in the future, detailed anatomical investigation of the human ACNS is required. Therefore, we have conducted morphological studies of the ACNS from macroscopic, clinical, and evolutionary anatomical viewpoints. In this study, I review detailed anatomical studies of the human ACNS together with their clinical implications. In addition, the evolutionary comparative anatomical significance of primate ACNS is also summarized to help understand and translate the findings of functional experiments to humans. These integrated findings will be the subject of a future study unifying molecular embryological and anatomical findings to clarify cardiac functions based on functional animal experiments, clinical applications such as improving surgery techniques and individual order-made surgery in cardiac surgery, and for future evaluation in regenerative medicine.

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Systematic Morphology and Evolutionary Anatomy of the Autonomic Cardiac Nervous System in the Lesser Apes, Gibbons (Hylobatidae)

Kawashima

Thorington

Kunimatsu

et al. 2008

The Anatomical Record

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We examined the morphology of the autonomic cardiac nervous system (ACNS) on 20 sides of 10 gibbons (Hylobatidae) of three genera, and we have inferred the evolution of the anatomy of the primate ACNS. We report the following. (1) Several trivial intraspecific and interspecific variations are present in gibbons, but the general arrangement of the ACNS in gibbons is consistent. (2) Although the parasympathetic vagal cardiac nervous system is extremely consistent, the sympathetic cardiac nervous system, such as the composition of the sympathetic ganglia and the range of origin of the sympathetic cardiac nerves, exhibit topographical differences among primates. (3) The vertebral ganglion, seldom observed in the Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae), was consistently present in gibbons as well as in humans. (4) There are fewer thoracic ganglia contributing to the cervicothoracic ganglion in humans than in gibbons and in gibbons than in Old World monkeys. (5) The superior cardiac nerve originating from the superior cervical ganglion, rarely observed in Old World monkeys but commonly observed in humans, was present in 13 of 20 sides (65%), mostly on the left. Accordingly, the ACNS morphology exhibits evolutionary changes within the primate lineage. These evolutionary differences between Old World monkeys, gibbons, and humans are most parsimoniously interpreted as resulting from regular changes in the lineages leading from their common ancestor to the extant species that we dissected. They include the reduction in the number of thoracic ganglia contributing to the cervicothoracic ganglion and the expansion of the range of the cardiac nervous origin. Anat Rec,

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Gross anatomical study of the sympathetic cardiac nerves in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus)

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Detailed Comparative Anatomy of the Extrinsic Cardiac Nerve Plexus and Postnatal Reorganization of the Cardiac Position and Innervation in the Great Apes: Orangutans, Gorillas, and Chimpanzees

Detailed Comparative Anatomy of the Extrinsic Cardiac Nerve Plexus and Postnatal Reorganization of the Cardiac Position and Innervation in the Great Apes: Orangutans, Gorillas, and Chimpanzees

Anatomy of the cardiac nervous system with clinical and comparative morphological implications

Systematic Morphology and Evolutionary Anatomy of the Autonomic Cardiac Nervous System in the Lesser Apes, Gibbons (Hylobatidae)

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