Gross and Microscopic Findings in Clinically Normal Thyroid Glands*

Jd, Mortensen; Woolner, Lewis B.; Bennett, Warren A.

doi:10.1210/jcem-15-10-1270

Cited by 641 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Nevertheless our data 26 and those of others [27][28][29] , indicate that such a risk is very low (»1.5 %), although rates as high as 2.5-5.4% have been reported [30][31] . It should be noted that the incidence of thyroid carcinoma in the general population following operation or post mortem is reported to range from 0.11% 32 to 2.8% 33 . Nevertheless, lobectomy, which is the surgical treatment of choice for toxic adenoma, offers only partial protection due to the well documented multifocality, especially in papillary carcinoma where microscopical foci of cancer are detected in the opposite lobe in 30-82% of patients 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term thyroid function after 131I treatment for toxic adenoma

Tzavara

Tzanela²,

Vlassopoulou³

et al. 2002

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Radioactive iodine is a widely used treatment for hyperthyroidism caused by solitary autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (toxic adenoma). The aim of this retrospective analysis is to report the long term effects of this therapy on the thyroid function of patients with toxic adenoma treated in our department. Between 1968 and 1996, 160 patients received a single dose of 131 I (range 25-40 mCi) for hyperthyroidism caused by toxic adenoma. In 126 of these (110 females, 26 males), followup was feasible either in our Endocrine Outpatient Clinic or through correspondence. The mean observation period was 5.3 years (range 1-21 years, median 4.0). Post treatment evaluation revealed that: a) 57 patients became euthyroid and remained free of disease up to the last visit (mean observation period 5.76±0.52 years, range 1-21 years, median 5 years), b) 69 patients developed hypothyroidism, all within 1 to 12 months (5.9±0.49 months), c) persistence or recurrence of the disease (ie. thyrotoxicosis) was not observed, d) the 131 I dose, or the 131 I pretreatment TSH levels were not different between patients who developed hypothyroidism and those who became and remained euthyroid. CONCLUSION: 131 I administration in the above-mentioned dose to patients with toxic adenoma: a) was a safe and very effective therapy, and b) led to hypothyroidism which developed within the first year after 131 I administration in 55% of the patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term thyroid function after 131I treatment for toxic adenoma

Tzavara

Tzanela²,

Vlassopoulou³

et al. 2002

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“…Thyroid nodules are frequently seen in adults and women (3). The occurrence of thyroid nodules detected by ultrasound and in autopsy series is 30%-50% in the normal population (4). The prevalence of nonpalpable nodules detected by ultrasonography is 30% in patients younger than 50 years of age and 50% in patients older than 60 years of age (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Diffusion‐weighted images differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules

Erdem

Muammer

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To reveal the possible role of diffusion-weighted images (DWI) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by comparing the results of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Materials and Methods:In an 18-month period (December 2005 to May 2007), 27 cases with benign thyroid nodules with a total of 52 benign nodules, nine cases with thyroid gland malignancy, and 24 healthy control cases were included in the study. Cases that were indicated to undergo to FNAC examination and sent by a clinician for biopsy to the radiology unit were included in the study to assess the cytopathologic confirmation of the clinic, ultrasonographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Results:The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of thyroid nodules were 2745.3 6 601.1 Â 10 À6 mm 2 /s (1605-3899 Â 10 À6 mm 2 /s) in the benign group and 695.2 6 312.5 Â 10 À6 mm 2 /s (165-1330 Â 10 À6 mm 2 /s) in the malignant group. Normal thyroid tissues had mean ADC values of 1344.1 6 276.4 Â 10 À6 mm 2 /s (1015-1764 Â 10 À6 mm 2 /s). The ADC values of three subgroups were significantly different (P ¼ 0.0001). A reduced ADC was observed in most types of malignant tumors due to the consequent decrease of the extracellular extravascular space. Conclusion:Our preliminary results showed that ADC values of nodules may provide useful data about the nature of a thyroid nodule.

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“…The estimated prevalence by palpation alone ranges from 4% to 7%, up to 67% by ultrasound, and fifty percent at autopsy with a noticeably higher incidence in iodinedeficient provinces. [4][5][6] Thyroid nodules have been defined by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) as "discrete lesions within the thyroid gland, radiologically distinct from surrounding thyroid parenchyma." [2] Thyroid nodules are clinically important for several reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Malignancy for Thyroid Nodule by Ultrasound Findings: A Cross Sectional Study

Bansal¹,

Gupta²

2018

AIMDR

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Background: Thyroid diseases are, debatably, among the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide. According to a projection from various studies on thyroid disease including thyroid nodules, it has been estimated that about 42 million people in India suffer from thyroid diseases. The ultrasonography is a non-invasive sensitive diagnostic in assessing thyroid nodule size and number. This study aimed to determine the ultrasound findings of thyroid nodules in patients and correlate it with clinical records. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at teerthanker Mahavir medical college and research centre. In these patients, high frequency 7.5-10.0 MHz probe was used for Ultrasound examination of a thyroid nodule. It includes diameter, echogenicity (Hyper, Hypo, Iso and An Echo), composition (Cystic, Solid, Mixed), microcalcifications (Presence and Absence), Borders (Irregular and Regular) and Halo (Presence and Absence). From Lew et al. guidelines ultrasound of nodule margins, suggestive of malignancy guidelines was adopted. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy was recommended to the referring physician is required. Results: Benign and malignant lesions were recorded in 88.9% and 11.1% patients respectively. On the other hand, histopathological findings revealed that 90.9% and 9.1% as benign and malignant correspondingly. In the present study, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values were 91%, 8.5% and 50% respectively. Whereas, the negative predictive value was 47%. Conclusion: Findings of the current study suggest that radiological evidences are reliable enough for the diagnosis of the benign and malignant thyroid tumours. However, studies on larger populations are warranted to establish guideline for the radiological diagnosis of thyroid tumours.

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Gross and Microscopic Findings in Clinically Normal Thyroid Glands*

Cited by 641 publications

References 3 publications

Long term thyroid function after 131I treatment for toxic adenoma

Long term thyroid function after 131I treatment for toxic adenoma

Diffusion‐weighted images differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules

Diagnosis of Malignancy for Thyroid Nodule by Ultrasound Findings: A Cross Sectional Study

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