Gross Morphological Responses of the Rice Plant to 2,4-D

Kaufman, Peter B.

doi:10.2307/4040101

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As time increased, development of responses also increased. The overall response was similar to that seen in other monocots by Kaufman (1953) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Watson (1950) in bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.). Responses are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Previous research indicates that auxinic herbicides do influence monocot plants, especially at certain growth stages and in meristematic regions (Eames 1951;Kaufman 1953;Struckmeyer 1951;Wilde 1951). However, typical monocot response is less injurious than a typical eudicot response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, typical monocot response is less injurious than a typical eudicot response. Anatomical responses of monocots are similar to eudicots and include: the formation of new lateral and adventitious roots, swelling of roots and stems, curling of the stem, proliferation of parenchyma tissue, and abnormal leaf and inflorescence development (Carlton 1943;Eames 1949;Kaufman 1953;Struckmeyer 1951;Watson 1950, Wilde 1951. Despite these responses, most agree that grasses are more tolerant of auxinic compounds than broadleaf plants (Struckmeyer 1951;Wilde 1950).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Response of St. Augustinegrass to Aminocyclopyrachlor Treatment

2011

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Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) is a synthetic auxin herbicide that controls primarily broadleaf (eudicotyledonous) weeds. Previous research indicates that St. Augustinegrass is unacceptably injured by AMCP. In light of the fact that synthetic auxin herbicides usually are safe when applied to monocotyledons, the mechanism for this injury is not fully understood. Anatomical response of St. Augustinegrass to AMCP was investigated using light microscopy. Apical meristem node tissue responded with callus tissue proliferation, abnormal location and development of the apical meristem, necrosis of the developing vascular tissue, vascular parenchyma proliferation, and xylem gum blockages. Node tissues away from the apical meristem responded with xylem gum blockages and the stimulation of lateral meristems and adventitious root formation. Root tip response to AMCP treatment was characterized by a loss of organization. Root tip apical meristem and vascular tissue maturation was disorganized. Additionally, lateral root generation occurred abnormally close to the root tip. These responses impair affected tissue functionality. Mature tissue was unaffected by AMCP treatment. All of these responses are characteristic of synthetic auxin herbicide treatment to other susceptible species. This research indicates that AMCP treatment results in St. Augustinegrass injury and subsequent death through deleterious growth stimulation and concomitant vascular inhibition.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Response of St. Augustinegrass to Aminocyclopyrachlor Treatment

2011

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“…Rice Tolerance. Kaufman (1953) published an extensive article on the tolerance of rice to 2,4-D and other phenoxy herbicides. Similar to small grains, highest injury was noted before tillering and after the boot stage, with little damage noted with applications occurring between these two times.…”

Section: Weed Control and Crop Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injury symptoms (stem and leaf twisting, head malformations, and floret sterility) observed in rice were similar to those in wheat or barley. Root malformation and inhibition can also occur (Kaufman 1953). In rice-producing states other than California, amine, salt, and acid formulations of 2,4-D at rates up to 1.1 kg ha À1 ae may be applied 2 to 4 wk before planting or at rates up to 1.33 kg ha À1 when rice is in the late tillering stage of development, usually about 6 to 9 wk after emergence.…”

Section: Weed Control and Crop Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

2,4-D Past, Present, and Future: A Review

Peterson

McMaster

Riechers³

et al. 2016

Weed technol.

250

208

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Since its discovery and initial commercialization in the 1940s, 2,4-D has been an important tool for weed control in a wide variety of crop and noncrop uses. Work studying its chemistry, physiology, mode of action, toxicology, environmental behavior, and efficacy has not only helped elucidate the characteristics of 2,4-D but also provided basic methods that have been used to investigate the properties of hundreds of herbicides that followed it. Much of the information published by researchers over 60 yr ago is still pertinent to understanding the performance of 2,4-D today. Further, new studies continue to be published, especially regarding the mechanisms of 2,4-D action at the molecular level. New uses for 2,4-D, sometimes enabled by biotechnology, continue to be developed. This review strives to provide an overall understanding of 2,4-D activity in plants, plant sensitivity to 2,4-D, toxicological impacts, and current and future uses.

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Effect of dicamba on reproductive development in corn and rice

Castner¹,

Norsworthy²,

Barber

et al. 2022

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Research has been published regarding the effects of sublethal dicamba rates applied at different growth stages in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]; however, there is limited research on the effect of dicamba on reproductive growth in corn (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). Experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to determine the potential consequences of dicamba exposure to reproductive stages of corn and rice. Dicamba was applied at 0.56, 5.6, 56, and 560 g ae ha -1 , with a 1X rate being 560 g ae ha -1 . Each rate was applied at three reproductive growth stages (corn: pretassel, tassel, and green silk; rice: late boot, panicle exertion, and anthesis). Visible injury to corn was negligible; however, rice treated with dicamba at 56 and 560 g ae ha -1 had noticeably greater injury (3 and 12%, respectively) relative to the nontreated. For rice, visible injury associated with dicamba at 56 and 560 g ae ha -1 appeared in the form of upright panicles, which reduced panicle weight and seeds per panicle, ultimately decreasing yields by 2,120 (22%) and 4,140 kg ha -1 (43%). A yield loss in corn could be detected only when dicamba was applied at 560 g ae ha -1 at the pretassel growth stage despite dicamba at 560 g ae ha -1 reducing seeds per row and total seeds per ear. With severe consequences being observed only at high dicamba rates, the threat of off-target movement to corn and rice is far less severe than in soybean.

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Gross Morphological Responses of the Rice Plant to 2,4-D

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Anatomical Response of St. Augustinegrass to Aminocyclopyrachlor Treatment

Anatomical Response of St. Augustinegrass to Aminocyclopyrachlor Treatment

2,4-D Past, Present, and Future: A Review

Effect of dicamba on reproductive development in corn and rice

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