Gross motor coordination and their relationship with body mass and physical activity level during growth in Children aged 8–11 years old: a longitudinal and allometric approach

Giuriato, Matteo; Lovecchio, Nicola; Pellino, Vittoria Carnevale; Mieszkowski, Jan; Kawczyński, Adam; Nevill, Alan M.; Biino, Valentina

doi:10.7717/peerj.13483

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, we found that normal-weight children (NW1) performed better than overweight children (OW1) in GMC performance, both for RAW and MQ indexes: the absence of significant interaction effect between classes and weight status suggested that, on average, a child that is overweight during childhood cannot fill the gap in GMC levels throughout the years. Furthermore, it should also be considered that the most crucial ages to improve GMC is late childhood ( 52 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status: a longitudinal study in children and pre-adolescents

Biino,

Pellegrini,

Zoppirolli

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionGross Motor Coordination (GMC) is crucial for the adequate development of motor competence. Our purpose in this semi-longitudinal study was to evaluate the influence of BMI on GMC in children and pre-adolescents of both sexes, across school years (classes).MethodsWe evaluated 117 subjects (aged 8–13 years) belonging to three different cohorts for 4 consecutive years, providing data over 6 years (classes). GMC was assessed through the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) test. Class and weight status effects were then evaluated by dividing the subjects into a normal weight group and an overweight group based on their weight status.ResultsA significant increase across classes was found for BMI (p < 0.001) and KTK raw score (p < 0.001) and a decrease was found for KTK normalized score (MQ) (p = 0.043). Significantly lower MQ values were found for girls. Absolute GMC increased across the years and there was no difference between boys and girls. Correlations between GMC scores and BMI were negative and significant in 5 of 6 classes. It was confirmed that overweight subjects had lower MQ and RAW values than normal-weight subjects, with no class-by-weight status interaction.DiscussionThe level of competence and its development are strictly dependent on weight status during childhood and pre-adolescence. The present investigation suggests that the adequate development of GMC requires not only targeted physical education programs but also the promotion of healthy habits aimed at maintaining a normal weight status during childhood and pre-adolescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status: a longitudinal study in children and pre-adolescents

Biino,

Pellegrini,

Zoppirolli

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Learning FMS creates the conditions for fine and gross motor coordination (9). Motor skills play an important role throughout life (39,40). Control of motor skills influences engagement and persistence in physical activity (41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sports experience on children's gross motor coordination level

Biino,

Giustino,

Gallotta

et al. 2023

Front. Sports Act. Living

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BackgroundGross motor coordination (GMC) development could be influenced by age, gender, weight status, geographical area, living setting, home environment, socio-economic status, sports practice.PurposeTo verify whether practicing sports and practicing different sports could influence children's GMC level.MethodsA total of 295 children aged 8–11 years were involved in the study and divided into 5 groups in relation to the sport they practiced: gymnastics group (n = 67; 51F, 16M), cycling group (n = 64; 15F, 49M), athletics group (n = 47; 22F, 25M), swimming group (n = 35; 20F, 15M), control group (n = 82; 42F, 40M). The four subtests of the Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder (KTK) assessed children's GMC level. The scores from each of the four subtests were summed into the KTK total raw score (RS) and then converted into a gender- and age-specific motor quotient (MQ).ResultsChildren practicing sports showed significantly higher RS and MQ score than children of control group (203.14 ± 38.55 vs. 163.63 ± 43.50 and 98.56 ± 15.79 vs. 83.01 ± 16.71, respectively; p < 0.001). Children practicing gymnastics had a significantly higher RS and MQ than children of cycling, swimming, and control groups (p < 0.05), children of control group had a significantly lower RS and MQ than children of all other groups (p < 0.05). Children practicing gymnastics performed better walking backwards subtest than all other children's groups (p < 0.001). Children of control group performed worse jumping sideways subtest than children of gymnastics, athletics and swimming groups (p < 0.01). Children practicing gymnastics performed better moving sideways subtest than children of athletics, cycling and control groups (p < 0.01); children of control group performed worse than children of all other groups (p < 0.01). Children of control group performed worse hopping for height subtest than children of gymnastics, athletics and cycling groups (p < 0.05); children practicing gymnastics performed better than children of swimming and control groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe performance model and therefore the specialized training that each sport discipline required, could justified the differences in children's GMC level among sports groups. Thus, coaches should plan individualized interventions and choose activity contents to support children's GMC development.

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“…The development of MC that includes FMS begins at birth through the acquisition of locomotor, object manipulation and stability skills, before becoming a central pillar of lifetime education. Mastery of FMS influences children's BMI and time spent sedentary already at preschool age [45]. Wadsworth et al [18] showed that FMS learning focus even improves MVPA in younger boys and girls.…”

Section: Relation Between Fundamental Motor Skill and Cardiorespirato...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Games for Learning Fundamental Motor Skills

Biino

2024

Updates on Physical Fitness in Children

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Active Initiation Guidelines recommend that children up to age 5 years engage in daily physical activity to develop basic motor skills for health-related fitness. However, many entering kindergarten today have low motor skills and many more are predicted to have lower motor coordination skills tomorrow. Recent studies suggest that children who do not adequately develop their movement skills and fitness levels in early childhood will fail to progress them later in life. This chapter presents a literature review of motor competence in young children and suggests game playing as a means for preschoolers to learn fundamental motor skills in locomotor and object control skills.

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Gross motor coordination and their relationship with body mass and physical activity level during growth in Children aged 8–11 years old: a longitudinal and allometric approach

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status: a longitudinal study in children and pre-adolescents

Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status: a longitudinal study in children and pre-adolescents

Effects of sports experience on children's gross motor coordination level

Motor Games for Learning Fundamental Motor Skills

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