Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, Foot Involvement, Gait, and Foot Motion

Abstract

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Neurodevelopmental difficulties in children with idiopathic clubfoot

“…Based on preliminary evidence from previous smaller-scale studies and clinical experience, we expected a moderately increased frequency of neurodevelopmental challenges in children with idiopathic clubfoot versus general population controls. [11][12][13] Findings largely confirm our predictions and indicate a subtle-to-strong elevation of difficulties in children with idiopathic clubfoot for several neurodevelopmental domains, predominantly regarding motor skills, perception, and language, as well as the subdomains of gross and fine motor skills, relation in space, and comprehensive and expressive language skills. About one-third of the children with idiopathic clubfoot scored in the possibly clinically significant range in two or more neurodevelopmental domains.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to target neurodevelopmental difficulties in children with idiopathic clubfoot. Based on preliminary evidence from previous smaller‐scale studies and clinical experience, we expected a moderately increased frequency of neurodevelopmental challenges in children with idiopathic clubfoot versus general population controls . Findings largely confirm our predictions and indicate a subtle‐to‐strong elevation of difficulties in children with idiopathic clubfoot for several neurodevelopmental domains, predominantly regarding motor skills, perception, and language, as well as the subdomains of gross and fine motor skills, relation in space, and comprehensive and expressive language skills.…”

“…11 Studies on motor skills in children with idiopathic clubfoot have implied other complications than exclusively muscular-skeletal deficiencies, for example focusing problems, to affect gross motor skills. 12,13 In another patient group, children demonstrating toe-walking, elevated rates of autism spectrum disorder, language disorder, and other neurodevelopmental difficulties have been observed. 14,15 The reasons behind the increased appearance of neurodevelopmental symptoms are unclear, but their existence may imply poorly understood connections between muscularskeletal and neurodevelopmental problems.…”

“…Nevertheless, a study found that seven of 13 male patients with clubfoot had attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or marked ADHD symptoms . Studies on motor skills in children with idiopathic clubfoot have implied other complications than exclusively muscular–skeletal deficiencies, for example focusing problems, to affect gross motor skills . In another patient group, children demonstrating toe‐walking, elevated rates of autism spectrum disorder, language disorder, and other neurodevelopmental difficulties have been observed .…”

A presença do pé torto congênito atrasa o início da marcha?

“…These findings agree with previous studies. 10 11 Lööf et al 14 also found no difference between clubfoot laterality when analyzing motor development until the age of 5 years old.…”