“…In order to remove waste heat from the electrical rotating machine effectively and maintain the operating temperature in an acceptable range, various heat removal technologies are applied to the heat dissipation of the electrical rotating machine. In general, three common cooling methods for thermal management of the electrical rotating machine were studied: (1) air cooling [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], (2) PCM-based cooling [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], and (3) liquid cooling [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Nakahama et al [ 7 ] proposed a unidirectional cooling airflow for the thermal protection of an open-type motor that is installed in the electric vehicle.…”