Ground cover by three crops cultivated on marginal lands in Southwestern Nigeria and implications for soil erosion

Salako, F. K.; Olowokere, F. A.; Tian, Guangming; Kirchhof, G.; Osiname, Olu

doi:10.5424/sjar/2007054-272

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…However, such suitable land becomes scarce due to increasing land-use intensity driven by demographic pressure and dwindling land availability. Furthermore, inappropriately cultivated lands are exposed to erosion and soil degradation (Maduakor et al 1984;Carsky et al 2001;Salako et al 2007). Inconsistent results were obtained in studies on the efficiency and economics of inorganic fertilizer application to yam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promiscuous arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of yam (Dioscorea spp.), a key staple crop in West Africa

et al. 2009

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Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a tuberous staple food crop of major importance in the sub-Saharan savannas of West Africa. Optimal yields commonly are obtained only in the first year following slash-and-burn in the shifting cultivation systems. It appears that the yield decline in subsequent years is not merely caused by soil nutrient depletion but might be due to a loss of the beneficial soil microflora, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), associated with tropical "tree-aspect" savannas and dry forests that are the natural habitats of the wild relatives of yam. Our objective was to study the AMF communities of natural savannas and adjacent yam fields in the Southern Guinea savanna of Benin. AMF were identified by morphotyping spores in the soil from the field sites and in AMF trap cultures with Sorghum bicolor and yam (Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis) as bait plants. AMF species richness was higher in the savanna than in the yam-field soils (18-25 vs. 11-16 spp.), but similar for both ecosystems (29-36 spp.) according to the observations in trap cultures. Inoculation of trap cultures with soil sampled during the dry season led to high AMF root colonization, spore production, and species richness (overall 45 spp.) whereas inoculation with wet-season soil was inefficient (two spp. only). The use of D. cayenensis and D. rotundata as baits yielded 28 and 29 AMF species, respectively, and S. bicolor 37 species. AMF root colonization, however, was higher in yam than in sorghum (70-95 vs. 11-20%). After 8 months of trap culturing, the mycorrhizal yam had a higher tuber biomass than the nonmycorrhizal controls. The AMF actually colonizing D. rotundata roots in the field were also studied using a novel field sampling procedure for molecular analyses. Multiple phylotaxa were detected that corresponded with the spore morphotypes observed. It is, therefore, likely that the legacy of indigenous AMF from the natural savanna plays a crucial role for yam productivity, particularly in the low-input traditional farming systems prevailing in West Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promiscuous arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of yam (Dioscorea spp.), a key staple crop in West Africa

et al. 2009

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“…Conversely, a number of authors (Dickey et al, 1984;Lopes et al, 1987;Amado et al, 1989;Carvalho et al, 1990;McGregor et al, 1990, Schick et al, 2000, Salako et al, 2007 have described the benefits that crop covers provide to the soil when remaining on soil surface. These coverages decrease water and soil losses mainly because of the protection they provide against the detachment caused by raindrops; moreover, they constitute a physical barrier to runoff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different soil tillage systems and coverages on soybean crop in the Botucatu Region in Brazil

Rodrigues

Gamero

Fernandes

et al. 2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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Nowadays, agricultural practices should combine high yields with a sustainable use of resources. Different tillage practices and crop covers, if combined, may help to achieve both objectives. In this work, several traits of a soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) cultivar were studied under different conditions of tillage and previous soil coverages. The experiment was installed at Lageado Research Station, Botucatu county, SP, Brazil, on a Paleudult. It consisted of nine treatments (combining three systems of soil tillage and three cover crops) and 4 replicates, yielding 36 plots of a randomized block experimental design. The soil tillage systems considered were: (i) conventional tillage with two heavy harrowing and a levelling harrowing; (ii) chiseling, and (iii) no-tillage with chemical drying of vegetation. The three cover crops used were: black oat, sorghum and spontaneous vegetation. Analyzed variables were: plant height, initial and final plant densities, height of first pod insertion, weight of a thousand grains, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, and crop yield. No significant differences were observed for most of the analyzed variables; however, conventional tillage produced significantly heavier grains and a higher number of pods per plant. The selected covers were considered an excellent coverage prior to planting soybean in a crop rotation. The three tillage systems can be used for deployment of culture without compromising the development of soybean.Additional key words: black oat, chisel, Glycine max, heavy harrow, sorghum, yield. ResumenEfectos de diferentes sistemas de laboreo del suelo y coberturas vegetales sobre la cosecha de soja en la región de Botucatu en Brasil Actualmente, las prácticas agrícolas deben combinar elevadas productividades con un uso sostenible de los recursos. Diferentes sistemas de laboreo y coberturas vegetales, combinados, pueden ayudar a conseguir ambos objetivos. En este trabajo se han estudiado diversos aspectos de un cultivar de soja (Glycine max L. Merr) sometido a diferentes condiciones de laboreo y cobertura vegetal. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental de Lageado, Botucatu (São Paulo, Brasil) sobre un Paleudult, y constó de nueve tratamientos (tres sistemas de laboreo y tres coberturas vegetales combinados) y cuatro repeticiones, totalizando 36 parcelas con un diseño experimental en bloques aleatorios. Los sistemas de laboreo considerados fueron (i) laboreo convencional con dos gradas pesadas y una niveladora; (ii) escarificado y (iii) no laboreo con desecación química de la vegetación. Las tres coberturas utilizadas fueron la avena negra, el sorgo y la vegetación espontánea. Las variables analizadas fueron altura de las plantas, densidad inicial y final de plantas, altura de la inserción de la primera vaina, peso de mil granos, número de vainas por planta y de granos por vaina y productividad de la cosecha. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la mayoría de las variables; sin embargo, el laboreo convencional produ...

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“…Recent study cases include the estimation of plants light interception and canopy coverage in species such as cotton (Stewart et al 2007;Oshaughnessy et al 2008), maize (Sarlangue et al 2008), tomato (Campillo et al 2008), faba bean (Nasrullahzadeh et al 2007), and soybean (Purcell 2000), among others. The use of canopy coverage has been extended to other subjects such as a help to estimate the amount of spray solution intercepted by the plants (Becker et al 1999), as a measure to evaluate soil conservation practices (Salako et al 2007), and, in more general terms, as a complementing tool for precision agriculture (Rajan and Maas 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Potato Canopy Coverage as Assessed Through Digital Imagery by Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models

2011

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The characterization of the dynamics of canopy coverage represents a relevant matter of study in the field of crop physiology. The objective of this work was to calibrate a model able to simulate potato canopy coverage as a function of thermal time, but including the error structure in such model. This was accomplished by using a mixed effects modelling approach where random effects were added to the average response model. By applying this modelling approach, the structure of the data was taken into account. Calibration data for the model were obtained from canopy coverage estimates derived from image processing analysis. Digital images were taken periodically within 11 potato fields located in the Mantaro Valley (Peru) during the 2005-2006 growing season. This model gave a better fit in comparison with the traditional fixed parameters model. An additional uncertainty analysis with the objective of estimating the confidence region for the predictions of the mixed effects model was carried out. By exploring the data structure, a more comprehensive overview of the potato canopy coverage was achieved with the mixed effects model.

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Ground cover by three crops cultivated on marginal lands in Southwestern Nigeria and implications for soil erosion

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Promiscuous arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of yam (Dioscorea spp.), a key staple crop in West Africa

Promiscuous arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of yam (Dioscorea spp.), a key staple crop in West Africa

Effects of different soil tillage systems and coverages on soybean crop in the Botucatu Region in Brazil

Analysis of Potato Canopy Coverage as Assessed Through Digital Imagery by Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models

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