Ground damage and seismic response resulting from the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake, New Zealand

Franks, C. A. M.; Beetham, R. D.; Salt, G. A.

doi:10.1080/00288306.1989.10421397

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Measurement of the flattened slope angle compared to the static angle of repose allows an estimate of peak ground acceleration to be derived. In this case the slope angle measurements indicated a peak horizontal acceleration of 0.26g, a value that fits well on Campbell's curves (10] for a magnitude 7.8 earthquake (Figure 7) and the acceleration values estimated by similar methods for the Edgecumbe earthquake (11] assuming a fault distance of 25 km (the distance from the site to the rupture surface).…”

Section: Strong Ground Motionsupporting

confidence: 78%

The Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki earthquake

Butcher¹,

Beetham

Millar³

et al. 1994

BNZSEE

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Section: Strong Ground Motionsupporting

confidence: 78%

The Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki earthquake

Butcher¹,

Beetham

Millar³

et al. 1994

BNZSEE

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“…The M 6 Kozani–Grevena earthquake of 1995 damaged relatively recent buildings in areas with ‘siltey and clayey soils’ in Greece (Christaras et al 1998). The M 6 Bay of Plenty earthquake sequence of 1987 produced maximal shaking (Modified Mercali Intensity IX) in areas of ‘soft, saturated sediments’ underlying the Rangitaiki Plains in New Zealand (Franks et al 1989). The M 6 Northridge earthquake of 1994 induced settlement and liquefaction in soft ‘fill’ in California (Holzer 1994; Bishop & Day 1995; Field et al 1997; Holzer et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground deformation in an area later damaged by an earthquake: monitoring the Avcilar district of Istanbul, Turkey, by satellite radar interferometry 1992-1999

Akarvardar

Feigl

Ergintav

2009

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YThe Avcilar district of Istanbul was severely damaged by the M 7.4 Izmit (Kocaeli) earthquake of 1999. The same area underwent ground subsidence before the earthquake, as revealed by geodetic monitoring. Analysis of 14 synthetic aperture radar images acquired by the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites between 1992 and 1999 by interferometry (InSAR) measures the rate of subsidence. Using the General Inversion for Phase Technique (GIPhT), we analyse a set of 12 interferometric pairs. The interferometric fringe patterns show a rounded triangular shape that we interpret as secular subsidence at a constant rate. The maximum subsidence rate of 6 mm per year occurs at a point located at latitude 40.98 • N and longitude 28.71 • E. A simple four-parameter elastic Mogi model, consisting of three infinitesimal spherical sinks at a depth of 2.4 ± 0.4 km deflating at 78 000 ± 16 000 cubic metres per year, describes subsidence signal to first order. The model also accounts for tropospheric effects by estimating a vertical phase gradient and an additive offset for each image acquisition epoch. The model fits the data with a cost of 0.18 cycles per datum for the 4644 phase measurements included in the inversion. This fit is significantly better than either the null hypothesis or the initial model with 95 per cent confidence for 32 free parameters. The association of ground deformation with earthquake damage may be interpreted in terms of weak, compressible material in shallow subsurface layers.

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“…where a= is the peak acceleration in cm/s 2 The near source area was assigned a MM IX intensity [14], which corresponds to a maximum surface acceleration in the range of 0.5g to 0.6g, a range also supported by back analysis of slope failures [ 5] .…”

Section: Silts Peats and Volcanic Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seismic analysis of sandy sites

Larkin¹,

Marks²

1994

BNZSEE

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This paper presents an approach for performing one dimensional effective stress site response analyses for sandy sites, including the evaluation of liquefaction potential. This type of analysis differs from the more common total stress response analyses in that induced pore pressures in saturated sandy soils are accounted for, including the resulting influence on soil properties. This analytical method has been refined to the point where the need for complex and expensive laboratory soil testing is no longer required, a factor which has traditionally held back developments in the effective stress area. The effective stress analysis requires the determination of five soil specific parameters. A trial and error backfitting procedure was developed to successfully determine these parameters from traditional site investigation data rather than detailed laboratory testing. This procedure was investigated using two case studies, the Edgecumbe earthquake of 1987 and the Loma Prieta event of 1989, which both exhibited significant liquefaction damage. The Edgecumbe analysis produced useful results. The predicted ground acceleration required to initiate liquefaction was 2.8 m/s2 (0.29g) which is close to the estimated value of 3 m/s2 (0.31g). This was a good result as a reasonable amount of estimated and correlated data had to be used due to a lack of specific site data. The case study of Treasure Island, in the San Francisco Bay area, also produced encouraging results with both the prediction of liquefaction and surface response spectra in good agreement with recorded data. Both case studies used liquefaction resistance curves determined empirically from SPT blow count data. While this data proved acceptable it was discovered that care must be taken in the use of such overseas derived empirical data, particularly if no corroborating site specific information is available.

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Ground damage and seismic response resulting from the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake, New Zealand

Abstract: A sequence of small earthquakes in the Bay of Plenty culminated in a Richter magnitude (MJ 6.3 event on 1987 Mar 2 under the Rangitaiki Plains, which produced felt intensities of up to MM IX and MM X in the epicentral area.

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

The Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki earthquake

The Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki earthquake

Ground deformation in an area later damaged by an earthquake: monitoring the Avcilar district of Istanbul, Turkey, by satellite radar interferometry 1992-1999

The seismic analysis of sandy sites

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