Ground‐Motion Simulation by the Empirical Green’s Function Method with a Source Defined by Two Corner Frequencies and a Two‐Stage Summation Scheme

A Generalization of the Stochastic Summation Scheme of Small Earthquakes to Simulate Strong Ground Motions

“…In the SSGFM, strong ground motion records for a large-magnitude earthquake (target event) can be defined as a stochastic summation of small-event time histories (EGFs) following a specific source scaling law (Hartzell 1978;Irikura 1983Irikura , 1986Munguia and Brune 1984;Joyner and Boore 1986;Boatwright 1988;Wennerberg 1990;Tumarkin and Archuleta 1994;Ordaz et al 1995;Kohrs-Sansorny et al 2005;Niño et al 2018;. Three steps characterize the stochastic summation process.…”

Uniform fragility spectra for the performance‐based seismic design of structures considering variabilities in structural properties

“…These synthetic records were obtained using an improvement of the method originally proposed by Hartzell and modified by Ordaz et al and Kohrs‐Sansorny et al, to enhance the original summation scheme to consider both the uncertainties on the generation process and the parameters which define the physics of the source and dividing it in 2 the summation scheme in two stages. Furthermore, the improved version of the method considers 2 corner frequencies in the definition of the seismic source instead of one as it is usually carried out …”

“…Furthermore, the improved version of the method considers 2 corner frequencies in the definition of the seismic source instead of one as it is usually carried out. 15 In order to apply the proposed approach at country or region level, it would be necessary to compute, for different sites and seismic sources, the required synthetic accelerograms that collectively represent the seismic hazard that affect the studied region. It is important to point out that it would not be necessary to perform any other further computation among the obtained spectra for different sites, as each one of them will represent the specific seismic demand necessary so that the designed structures to be built in such sites reach the pre-established target performance.…”

“…This framework and the method proposed represent a valid contribution to the performance‐based assessment and design of both existing and new structures. In this work, seismic hazard is defined by using a large enough number of synthetic records of several magnitudes, generated by means of an improved empirical Green function method . The statistics of the structural performance of a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system, in terms of exceedance of a design ductility associated with an ultimate limit state, eg, Life Safety or Collapse Prevention, are obtained using Monte Carlo simulation, considering the defined seismic demand, the fundamental period, and the lateral strength in terms of spectral pseudo‐acceleration, as uncertain variables.…”

“…In this work, seismic hazard is defined by using a large enough number of synthetic records of several magnitudes, generated by means of an improved empirical Green function method. 15 The statistics of the structural performance of a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system, in terms of exceedance of a design ductility associated with an ultimate limit state, eg, Life Safety or Collapse Prevention, are obtained using Monte Carlo simulation, considering the defined seismic demand, the fundamental period, and the lateral strength in terms of spectral pseudo-acceleration, as uncertain variables. The approach followed in this work is somehow different to that followed by Cornell 16 where the seismic design levels, defined in terms of rate of exceedance of earthquake intensity, and the probability of exceeding a given limit state are considered separately.…”