Ground motion through geophones and MEMS accelerometers: Sensor comparison in theory, modeling, and field data

Hons, Michael S.; Stewart, Robert E.; Lawton, Don C.; Bertram, Malcolm B.

doi:10.1190/1.2792372

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The noise floor of a geophone is estimated by the voltage noise of the amplifying electronics, which is the main source of noise [29]. The noise of the amplifier varies between models but is about 0.3 µV on average [30].…”

Section: Comparison Of Snrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vibration Sensing Device Using a Six-Axis IMU and an Optimized Beam Structure for Activity Monitoring

Try,

Gebhard

2023

Sensors

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Activity monitoring of living creatures based on the structural vibration of ambient objects is a promising method. For vibration measurement, multi-axial inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer a high sampling rate and a small size compared to geophones, but have higher intrinsic noise. This work proposes a sensing device that combines a single six-axis IMU with a beam structure to enable measurement of small vibrations. The beam structure is integrated into the PCB of the sensing device and connects the IMU to the ambient object. The beam is designed with finite element method (FEM) and optimized to maximize the vibration amplitude. Furthermore, the beam oscillation creates simultaneous translation and rotation of the IMU, which is measured with its accelerometers and gyroscopes. On this basis, a novel sensor fusion algorithm is presented that adaptively combines IMU data in the wavelet domain to reduce intrinsic sensor noise. In experimental evaluation, the proposed sensing device using a beam structure achieves a 6.2-times-higher vibration amplitude and an increase in signal energy of 480% when compared to a directly mounted IMU without a beam. The sensor fusion algorithm provides a noise reduction of 5.6% by fusing accelerometer and gyroscope data at 103 Hz.

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Section: Comparison Of Snrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vibration Sensing Device Using a Six-Axis IMU and an Optimized Beam Structure for Activity Monitoring

Try,

Gebhard

2023

Sensors

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“…These combine micro-mechanical elements and electronics in a single chip, allowing to develop small, highly available and low cost sensors for different measurement tasks. MEMS-based sensor systems al-ready are being widely used for geotechnical instrumentation and landslide monitoring, especially since open-source microprocessors have become readily available in the last years [31,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. They can be a good addition to classic monitoring methods, as discussed by Cmielewski et al (2013) who investigated the accuracy and precision of a low-cost MEMS accelerometer [53].…”

Section: The Internet Of Things and Landslide Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet of Things Geosensor Network for Cost-Effective Landslide Early Warning Systems

Gamperl

Singer

Thuro

2021

Sensors

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Worldwide, cities with mountainous areas struggle with an increasing landslide risk as a consequence of global warming and population growth, especially in low-income informal settlements. Landslide Early Warning Systems (LEWS) are an effective measure to quickly reduce these risks until long-term risk mitigation measures can be realized. To date however, LEWS have only rarely been implemented in informal settlements due to their high costs and complex operation. Based on modern Internet of Things (IoT) technologies such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors and the LoRa (Long Range) communication protocol, the Inform@Risk research project is developing a cost-effective geosensor network specifically designed for use in a LEWS for informal settlements. It is currently being implemented in an informal settlement in the outskirts of Medellin, Colombia for the first time. The system, whose hardware and firmware is open source and can be replicated freely, consists of versatile LoRa sensor nodes which have a set of MEMS sensors (e.g., tilt sensor) on board and can be connected to various different sensors including a newly developed low cost subsurface sensor probe for the detection of ground movements and groundwater level measurements. Complemented with further innovative measurement systems such as the Continuous Shear Monitor (CSM) and a flexible data management and analysis system, the newly developed LEWS offers a good benefit-cost ratio and in the future can hopefully find application in other parts of the world.

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“…MEMS are accelerometers that measure ground acceleration instead of ground-shaking velocity (Mougenot and Thorburn, 2004;Hons et al, 2007), so an important step in data processing is to integrate the MEMS data, transforming acceleration data into velocity. Integration is equivalent to a À6-dB/octave slope in amplitude, so the integrated accelerometer spectrum boosts the low frequencies.…”

Section: Comparison Of Standard Geophone Arrays and Single-sensor Memsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 3C microelectromechanical system data on a 2D line: Direct comparison with conventional vertical-component geophone arrays and PS-wave analysis

Stotter

Angerer

2011

GEOPHYSICS

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A 2D vibroseis line was acquired in the Vienna Basin (Austria) for the purpose of comparing the data of digital multicomponent single sensors based on microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors alongside conventional vertical-component geophone arrays. For efficient removal of coherent noise during processing, all source points were recorded in single-sweep mode, i.e., no vertical stacking was performed in the field. On this densely sampled data set, several noise-reduction techniques, such as digital array forming, frequency-wavenumber (f-k) filtering in shot and receiver domains, and polarization filters, proved to be valuable in reducing source-generated noise. The results showed that, with the use of single-sweep recording and polarization filter techniques, it is possible to produce seismic sections for a singlereceiver three-component (3C) MEMS line that are comparable to a conventional geophone array line in signal-to-noise ratio. However, the higher number of single geophones and hence the stronger attenuation of random noise in the conventional array resulted in an advantage for the analog geophone data set. The second goal for this survey was to evaluate additional information contained in the horizontal components of the MEMS data. The multicomponent data allowed for the processing of mode-converted shear-wave data, performed for the first time in the Vienna Basin. Azimuthal anisotropy related to horizontal stresses was observed in the Neogene section of the shear-wave data set. A PP-PS event correlation allowed the identification of major shallow horizons. Interpretation of the final sections confirmed that the PS data are useful to distinguish between gas reservoirs and high-porosity water sands, which can cause similar P-wave amplitude variation with offset (AVO) effects.

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Ground motion through geophones and MEMS accelerometers: Sensor comparison in theory, modeling, and field data

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

A Vibration Sensing Device Using a Six-Axis IMU and an Optimized Beam Structure for Activity Monitoring

A Vibration Sensing Device Using a Six-Axis IMU and an Optimized Beam Structure for Activity Monitoring

Internet of Things Geosensor Network for Cost-Effective Landslide Early Warning Systems

Evaluation of 3C microelectromechanical system data on a 2D line: Direct comparison with conventional vertical-component geophone arrays and PS-wave analysis

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