Ground penetrating radar investigations to study active faults in the Norcia Basin (central Italy)

Pauselli, Cristina; Federico, C.; Frigeri, Alessandro; Orosei, R.; Barchi, Massimiliano R.; Basile, Gabriele

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2010.06.009

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As a characteristic faulting style in this region, Valensise et al (2016) suggest that upward propagation of fault rupture is restricted due to the occurrence of pre-existing regional thrusts or other inherited structural features which act as barriers and/or deflectors. The proposed, by various institutes (INGV, GFZ, GCMT, USGS and IPGP), fault plane solutions (Table 1) of the five strongest events of the 2016 sequence follow the above geodynamic pattern and agree with the NNW-SSE-trending normal fault pattern in the broader area as suggested in previous studies Centamore et al, 1992;Blumetti et al, 1993;Boncio & Lavecchia, 2000;Galadini & Galli, 2000;Galadini et al, 2003;Pizzi et al, 2002;Borre et al, 2003;Boncio et al, 2004;Galli et al, 2005;Pace et al, 2006;Pizzi & Galadini, 2009;Pauselli et al, 2010;Pierantoni et al, 2013and geodatabases like DISS, 2015and ITHACA, 2000.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Ground deformation and fault modeling of the 2016 sequence (24 Aug. – 30 Oct.) in central Apennines (Central Italy)

Pavlides¹,

Chatzipetros²,

Papathanasiou³

et al. 2017

geosociety

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supporting

confidence: 87%

Ground deformation and fault modeling of the 2016 sequence (24 Aug. – 30 Oct.) in central Apennines (Central Italy)

Pavlides¹,

Chatzipetros²,

Papathanasiou³

et al. 2017

geosociety

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“…The penetration depth of the radar waves through the geological environment is more effective in media with low dielectrical losses (using characteristic frequencies between 10 and 2000 MHz), in which the water content related to high electrical contrast has a greater infl uence (Ohtsubo et al, 1983;Saarenketo, 1998). Thus, changes in the radar wave propagation can be related to stratigraphic boundaries or to the presence of faults and fractures involving changes in physical and mechanical properties such as grain size, density, and compaction orientation of particles, among others (Santamarina and Fam, 1995;Doolittle and Collins, 1995;Fam and Santamarina, 1997;Santa marina et al, 2001;Pauselli et al, 2010). Lateral changes in physical properties such as the presence of organic matter, diagenetic surfaces, vertical variations in water content and iron oxide precipitates, as well as the presence of different types of fi ne granular material may cause a contrast in the permittivity and act as refl ectors (Van Dam and Schlager, 2000;Carreón-Freyre et al, 2003;Neal, 2004, and references therein).…”

Section: Subsurface Exploration By Ground-penetrating Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene paleo-earthquakes recorded at the transfer zone of two major faults: The Pastores and Venta de Bravo faults (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt)

et al. 2015

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We present evidence of fi ve late Holocene earthquake ruptures observed at two paleoseismological trenches in the Laguna Bañí sag pond (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, central Mexico). The trenches exposed two fault branches of the western termination of the Pastores fault, one of the major fault systems within the central Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The site was studied by combining geomorphological and structural approaches, volcanic mapping, ground-penetrating radar, and paleoseismological analysis. The study revealed that coseismic surface rupture was noncharacteristic, and that the exposed fault branches had not always moved simultaneously. The fault tip has ruptured at least 5 times within the past 4 k.y., and the rupture events followed and preceded the deposition of an ignimbrite. The close temporal relationship of the seismic rupture with the volcanic activity of the area could be the result of volcanism triggered by faulting and its associated seismicity. The relatively high recurrence of seismic events (1.1-2.6 k.y.) and the noncharacteristic fault behavior observed at this tip of the Pastores fault suggest that the fault might have been active as a primary fault rupturing along segments of variable length or depth, and/or that the fault ruptured eventually as a secondary fault. The secondary ruptures would likely be related to earthquakes produced at major neighboring faults such as the Acambay fault, which moved during the 1912 Acambay earthquake, or the Venta de Bravo fault. A relatively large slip rate estimated for this fault branch (0.23-0.37 mm/yr) leads us to contemplate the possible connection at depth between the Pastores and the Venta de Bravo faults, increasing the maximum expected magnitude for central Mexico.

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“…The usefulness of GPR in geological studies is affected by the limited obtainable depth of investigation. Previous studies detected indeed only the shallower portions of faults by 2D and 3D surveys (e.g., [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87]). In this study, we exploited a low-frequency GPR, the Loza 2N system working in the frequency band of tens of MHz, already deployed in a few other applications, [88][89][90][91][92][93], to infer the geometry of buried faults at the depth of tens of meters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Joint Interpretation of Geophysical Results and Geological Observations for Detecting Buried Active Faults: The Case of the “Il Lago” Plain (Pettoranello del Molise, Italy)

Nappi

Paoletti²,

D'Antonio³

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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We report a geophysical study across an active normal fault in the Southern Apennines. The surveyed area is the “Il Lago” Plain (Pettoranello del Molise), at the foot of Mt. Patalecchia (Molise Apennines, Southern Italy), a small tectonic basin filled by Holocene deposits located at the NW termination of the major Quaternary Bojano basin structure. This basin, on the NE flank of the Matese Massif, was the epicentral area of the very strong 26 July, 1805, Sant’Anna earthquake (I0 = X MCS, Mw = 6.7). The “Il Lago” Plain is bordered by a portion of the right-stepping normal fault system bounding the whole Bojano Quaternary basin (28 km long). The seismic source responsible for the 1805 earthquake is regarded as one of the most hazardous structures of the Apennines; however, the position of its NW boundary of this seismic source is debated. Geological, geomorphological and macroseismic data show that some coseismic surface faulting also occurred in correspondence with the border fault of the “Il Lago” Plain. The study of the “Il Lago” Plain subsurface might help to constrain the NW segment boundary of the 1805 seismogenic source, suggesting that it is possibly a capable fault, source for moderate (Mw < 5.5) to strong earthquakes (Mw ≥ 5.5). Therefore, we constrained the geometry of the fault beneath the plain using low-frequency Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data supported by seismic tomography. Seismic tomography yielded preliminary information on the subsurface structures and the dielectric permittivity of the subsoil. A set of GPR parallel profiles allowed a quick and high-resolution characterization of the lateral extension of the fault, and of its geometry at depth. The result of our study demonstrates the optimal potential of combined seismic and deep GPR surveys for investigating the geometry of buried active normal faults. Moreover, our study could be used for identifying suitable sites for paleoseismic analyses, where record of earthquake surface faulting might be preserved in Holocene lacustrine sedimentary deposits. The present case demonstrates the possibility to detect with high accuracy the complexity of a fault-zone within a basin, inferred by GPR data, not only in its shallower part, but also down to about 100 m depth.

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Ground penetrating radar investigations to study active faults in the Norcia Basin (central Italy)

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Ground deformation and fault modeling of the 2016 sequence (24 Aug. – 30 Oct.) in central Apennines (Central Italy)

Ground deformation and fault modeling of the 2016 sequence (24 Aug. – 30 Oct.) in central Apennines (Central Italy)

Holocene paleo-earthquakes recorded at the transfer zone of two major faults: The Pastores and Venta de Bravo faults (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt)

Joint Interpretation of Geophysical Results and Geological Observations for Detecting Buried Active Faults: The Case of the “Il Lago” Plain (Pettoranello del Molise, Italy)

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