“…Composite structures comprising of two different materials have been widely used in many constructed projects including bridges , high rise buildings (Ahmed et al, 2000(Ahmed et al, , 2002(Ahmed et al, , 2005, tunnel structures (Cui et al, 2015a, b;Shen et al, 2014Shen et al, , 2016Wu et al, 2015a-c) and other underground structures (Shen and Xu, 2011;Wu et al, 2015d-f). One of the common forms of composite decks used in modern construction projects is composite deck with steel sheeting .…”