Ground Risk Assessment for Unmanned Aircraft Focusing on Multiple Risk Sources in Urban Environments

Abstract

This paper investigates the risk quantification for Unmanned Aircraft (UA) in urban environments, focusing on the safety of ground people. An assessment methodology is proposed to quantify the flying risk, which indicates the ground fatalities resulted from different potential risk sources. With the knowledge of UA’s specifications and ground environments, the flying risk of the target UA flying in the target area could be evaluated from the combination of results from independent assessment procedures focusing on multiple potential risk sources with specific safety metrics. A study case to assess the flying risk of the Talon and the DJI Inspire 2 flying in one piece of the region in Chengdu is presented. From the assessment result, the airspace management strategies for both Talon and DJI Inspires 2 could be easily developed to guarantee the safety of ground people, therefore, this risk quantification method could be a general tool to support decision-making in safety work.

Research on risk map based on UAV safety operation indicators

“…They calculated collision risks between drones and obstacles based on drone's predicted trajectories, distances to static and dynamic obstacles, and wind conditions. Li [7] emphasized ground personnel safety, introducing an assessment method to quantify flight risks. Using an independent evaluation process and safety metrics, they assessed flight risks for specific drones in target areas based on specifications, environment, and airspace.…”

“…UAV and buildings, it is assumed that the UAV's flight altitude follows a normal distribution, and the height of the buildings is known [7]. The collision probability between the UAV and obstacles can be expressed as follows:…”

Interval Type-II Fuzzy Fault-Tolerant Control for Constrained Uncertain 2-DOF Robotic Multi-Agent Systems with Active Fault Detection

“…The existing fault-tolerant control strategies are mainly divided into passive fault-tolerant control strategies and active ones [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Most passive fault-tolerant control methods are based on robust control strategy, but this control strategy is often conservative and requires prior fault information [ 7 ].…”