Ground vegetation composition and heterogeneity in pure Norway spruce and mixed Norway spruce - birch stands

Saetre, Peter; Saetre, L Sturesson; Brandtberg, P.-O.; Lundkvist, Heléne; Bengtsson, Jan

doi:10.1139/x97-177

Cited by 42 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Picea abies, Abies alba or Pseudotsuga menziesii) probably reduce the cover of ground vegetation, especially for spring flora [150,162]. Moreover, moss cover is higher and herb cover is lower under Picea abies compared to hardwood species [15,87,129,182,187].…”

Section: Understorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility

Augusto¹,

Ranger²,

et al. 2002

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-The aim of the present work was to provide a synopsis of the scientific literature concerning the effects of different tree species on soil and to quantify the effect of common European temperate forest species on soil fertility. The scientific literature dealing with the tree species effect on soil has been reviewed. The composition of forest overstory has an impact on the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of soil. This impact was highest in the topsoil. Different tree species had significantly different effects on water balance and microclimate. The physical characteristics of soils also were modified depending on the overstory species, probably through modifications of the soil fauna. The rates of organic matter mineralization and nitrification seem to be dependent on tree species. A coniferous species, Picea abies, had negative input-output budgets for some nutrients, such as Ca and Mg. This species promoted a higher soil acidification and a decrease in pH. Thus, it should not be planted in very poor soils in areas affected by acidic atmospheric depositions. Nevertheless, the effect of the canopy species on soil fertility was rarely significant enough to promote forest decline. The impact of a tree species on soil fertility varied depending on the type of bedrock, climate and forest management.forest soils / tree species / fertility / sustainability / resiliency Résumé -Effet des principales essences des forêts tempérées sur la fertilité des sols. L'objectif de cet article est de fournir une synthèse bibliographique au sujet de l'effet des essences sur le sol, et, en particulier, de l'effet des principales essences utilisées en foresterie tempérée. La composition du couvert arboré a une influence importante sur les propriétés physiques, chimiques et biologiques du sol. Cet impact est le plus important dans les horizons superficiels. L'effet des essences se traduit au niveau du pédoclimat, modifiant fortement le bilan hydrique du sol. La modification des paramètres physiques est liée à l'activité biologique, elle même dépendant de nombreux paramètres chimiques et biochimiques. La dégradation de la matière organique (minéralisation) et la nitrification semblent dépendre des essences. L'épicéa commun conduit à une acidification substantielle du sol qui se traduit parfois au niveau du pH ; les bilans d'éléments nutritifs calculés pour cette essence sont le plus souvent négatifs pour des éléments tels Ca et Mg. Cette essence ne doit pas être introduite sur des sols trop pauvres ou affectés par des apports atmosphériques acidifiants. Il faut cependant insister sur le fait que le seul effet des essences n'est jamais tel qu'il puisse conduire au dépérissement des forêts. L'impact des essences sur la fertilité du sol dépend du type de sol, du climat et des aménagements forestiers (essences et traitement).sols forestiers / essences forestières / fertilité des sols / durabilité / résilience Ann. For. Sci. 59 (2002) 233

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Section: Understorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility

Augusto¹,

Ranger²,

et al. 2002

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“…Birch forest ecosystems are expected to differ slightly, but Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 12:27 PM fundamentally, from coniferous forest ecosystems in properties such as the somewhat more favourable chemical composition and/or rates of decomposition of deciduous versus evergreen coniferous litter (Aarrestad 2002, Fjellberg et al 2007). This influences the rates of soil biological processes (Saetre 1998), physical soil properties such as texture, humus form and moisture retention capacity (Sirén 1955, Green et al 1993, and the acidity status and availability of essential elements from soils (e.g. Wittich 1961, Saetre et al 1997, Ewald 2000, Légaré et al 2001, Qian et al 2003, Liu et al 2008.…”

Section: The Gradient In Nutrient Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This influences the rates of soil biological processes (Saetre 1998), physical soil properties such as texture, humus form and moisture retention capacity (Sirén 1955, Green et al 1993, and the acidity status and availability of essential elements from soils (e.g. Wittich 1961, Saetre et al 1997, Ewald 2000, Légaré et al 2001, Qian et al 2003, Liu et al 2008. While in coniferous forests input of needle material occurs at more or less constant rates (Saetre 1998) and this material contributes to natural soil acidification, decomposing birch leaves instead contribute to soil improvement (Dimbleby 1952a, 1952b, Gardiner 1968, Miller 1984, Saetre 1998.…”

Section: The Gradient In Nutrient Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wittich 1961, Saetre et al 1997, Ewald 2000, Légaré et al 2001, Qian et al 2003, Liu et al 2008. While in coniferous forests input of needle material occurs at more or less constant rates (Saetre 1998) and this material contributes to natural soil acidification, decomposing birch leaves instead contribute to soil improvement (Dimbleby 1952a, 1952b, Gardiner 1968, Miller 1984, Saetre 1998. Neverthless, a comparison of the reference area minimum, median and maximum pH values (Table 21) with those of T. Økland (1996, see Table 35) for monitoring reference areas in spruce forest, reveals no large differences in pH between birch and spruce forest.…”

Section: The Gradient In Nutrient Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetation composition, gradients and environment relationships of birch forest in six reference areas in Norway

et al. 2010

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Terrestrial Monitoring of boreal birch forest ecosystems (TOV) was initiated in 1989 by the Directorate for Nature Management. The programme has a multidisciplinary approach and integrates studies of precipitation, soil water, soil, understorey vegetation composition, lichens on birch trunks, population studies of birds and mammals and environmental pollutants in plants and animals. Here we present studies of forest floor vegetation at establishment, which supplements and complements two studies established in boreal coniferous forests in 1988: 'The effect of acid precipitation on forest and forest understorey vegetation in Gjerstad, South Norway' and 'Vegetational and environmental monitoring of boreal spruce forest in ten reference areas', the latter initiated by the Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory (NIJOS) as part of a forest health monitoring programme.The reference areas were selected to span regional gradients in climatic conditions and deposition of airborne pollutants, in old-growth bilberry-dominated birch forest in Norway. Ten macro plots in each reference area were located to span differences in nutrient and soil moisture conditions, terrain features, etc. by a sampling design similar to the one used in coniferous forests. Fifty 1×1 m meso sample plots, randomly chosen within the ten macro plots, were subjected to vegetation analysis, using frequency in subplots as well as percent cover as species abundance measures.The main vegetational gradients were found by parallel use of DCA and GNMDS ordination methods; the results of which were subjected to environmental interpretation by means of non-parametric correlation and split-plot GLM analyses. Both ordination methods gave to large degree similar, interpretable, vegetation gradients. The most important ecoclines were related to variation in nutrient conditions, best expressed by pH, Ca, K and S. Tree influence, topographic (un)favourability, soil moisture and soil depth were other factors which were correlated with one of the two main vegetation gradients (ecoclines).The main vegetational gradients and environmental/climatic/geographical complex gradients in the total data set were found by DCA and subsequent interpretation of the axes. The main complex gradient corresponded to the variation in the vegetation from sites with low pH and low content of nutrients (low concentrations of macro nutrients like C, Ca, Mn, S and Total N) and high loss on ignition to vice versa. The second gradient corresponded to variation in the vegetation from sites with high effective temperature sums at low latitudes and high soil concentrations of Mn and S, to sites with opposite characteristics. Most of the variation (> 80%) in the vegetation compositions could be ascribed to the between macro plots scale level, leaving a small residual variation on the between area and in the plots within macro plot scale level.

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“…Par exemple,l'Épicéafavorise le développement del astratem uscinale au détriment del astrate herbacée (Hill et Jones,1978;Mikola, 1985 ;Saetre et al .,1997). D'une manière plusg énérale,la substitution d'essences déplacel aflore proportionnellement au gradient d'aciditéi nduit (Augusto, 1999).…”

Section: Modifications Dela Végétation Herbacéeunclassified

Biodiversité, fonctionnement des écosystèmes et gestion forestière. 2 : Interventions sylvicoles et biodiversité.

Tacon¹,

Selosse²,

Gosselin³

2001

Rev. For. Fr.

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AvertissementLa première partie decet article, traitant del ab iodiversitée ng énérale t des facteurs anthropiques,a utresq uel agestionf orestière,quip ourraientlamodifier,aétép ubliée dans le numéro 6-2000 del a Revuef orestière française (pp. 477-496). RemarqueCertains termes techniques sont succinctement définis dans ung lossaire (p. 75). Ils sont signalés dans le textep ar unastérisque*. PRÉAMBULEEndehors del 'aspect éthique,lad iversitébiologiquer eprésente une valeuré conomiquee ssentielle pourl es sociétés,en tant qu'élément indispensable au fonctionnement des écosystèmes, qu'ils soient naturels,perturbés ou exploités. Les sociétés dépendent del ad iversitébiologique en tant qu'élément der essources multiples (alimentation,a pprovisionnement en matériaux fibreux,fourniture dem olécules à usage thérapeutiqueo u entrant dans les usages les plus divers),en tant qu'élément dep rotection (air,eau,sols),enfin en tant qu'élément culturel,esthé-tiquee t récréatif. La sociétédoit doncs'interroger surl es méthodes àmettre en oeuvre pour gérer lab iodiversitée t les ressources génétiques.Touteaction deg estion a uni mpact surl ab iodiversité. Lep luss ouvent,elle ac omme consé-quence une simplification del 'écosystème et une diminution del ab iodiversité. Mais cen 'est pas toujours le cas. L'ouverture des peuplements,lac réation declairières et del isières,a insi que, dem anière plusg énérale,l'interaction entre milieux ouvertse t fermés induisent une augmentation del ab iodiversité.De tout temps,pours on propre usage,l'homme aprélevédans les écosystèmes forestiers du bois,mais aussi des animaux et divers autres produits. Ces prélèvements,en généraln on compensés,ont entraîné une diminution del ad isponibilitée né lémentsm inéraux des sols et une certaine acidification,a u moins surl es substratsl es plusp auvres (Bonneau,1995). Cette acidification aeu,pourconséquence, unappauvrissement del a végétation accompagnatricee t unr alentissement des cycles biologiques. Mais,inversement,lab iodiversitédes micro-organismes

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Ground vegetation composition and heterogeneity in pure Norway spruce and mixed Norway spruce - birch stands

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility

Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility

Vegetation composition, gradients and environment relationships of birch forest in six reference areas in Norway

Biodiversité, fonctionnement des écosystèmes et gestion forestière. 2 : Interventions sylvicoles et biodiversité.

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