Ground warming patterns in the Northern Hemisphere during the last five centuries

Beltrami, Hugo; Bourlon, Evelise

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.014

Cited by 61 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Thus, according to our experimental estimates of the effect of the LGC on the thermal regime of the shallow subsurface from the MUN-GSM, the global temperature reconstructions (Pollack et al, 1996;Harris and Chapman, 2001;Beltrami and Bourlon, 2004) will not be largely affected. The effect of the LGC on our synthetic GSTH example appears to be small for the last 150 yr. From 1500 to 1850 CE, its effect amounts to a suppression of the warming; thus, the most relevant effect may be a larger magnitude of warming for the recovery from the Little Ice Age (LIA) than what BTP analyses have already estimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the subsequent section, we investigate how the LGC signal may impact temperature and energy flux histories estimated for the last millennium from BTP analyses that do not account for the LGC impacts. All global analyses of BTPs (Pollack et al, 1996;Harris and Chapman, 2001;Beltrami and Bourlon, 2004) have assumed that the influence of the LGC on BTPs was negligible within the first 600 m of the profiles, the maximum depth that is typically used to estimate last-millennium surface changes. We therefore investigate how studies making these assumptions may or may not include additional biases due to the unaccounted LGC impact.…”

Section: Impact Of Postglacial Warming On the Recent Gsth And Subsurfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical studies on the Impact of the Last Glacial Cycle on recent borehole temperature profiles: implications for terrestrial energy balance

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Reconstructions of past climatic changes from borehole temperature profiles are important independent estimates of temperature histories over the last millennium. There remain, however, multiple uncertainties in the interpretation of these data as climatic indicators and as estimates of the changes in the heat content of the continental subsurface due to long-term climatic change. One of these uncertainties is associated with the often ignored impact of the last glacial cycle (LGC) on the subsurface energy content, and on the estimate of the background quasi steadystate signal associated with the diffusion of accretionary energy from the Earth's interior. Here, we provide the first estimate of the impact of the development of the Laurentide ice sheet on the estimates of energy and temperature reconstructions from measurements of terrestrial borehole temperatures in North America. We use basal temperature values from the data-calibrated Memorial University of Newfoundland glacial systems model (MUN-GSM) to quantify the extent of the perturbation to estimated steady-state temperature profiles, and to derive spatial maps of the expected impacts on measured profiles over North America. Furthermore, we present quantitative estimates of the potential effects of temperature changes during the last glacial cycle on the borehole reconstructions over the last millennium for North America. The range of these possible impacts is estimated using synthetic basal temperatures for a period covering 120 ka to the present day that include the basal temperature history uncertainties from an ensemble of results from the calibrated numerical model. For all the locations, we find that within the depth ranges that are typical for available boreholes (≈ 600 m), the induced perturbations to the steady-state temperature profile are on the order of 10 mW m −2 , decreasing with greater depths. Results indicate that site-specific heat content estimates over North America can differ by as much as 50 %, if the energy contribution of the last glacial cycle in those areas of North America that experienced glaciation is not taken into account when estimating recent subsurface energy changes from borehole temperature data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Postglacial Warming On the Recent Gsth And Subsurfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical studies on the Impact of the Last Glacial Cycle on recent borehole temperature profiles: implications for terrestrial energy balance

et al. 2014

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“…Huang et al, 2000;Beltrami and Bourlon, 2004) and tree ring reconstructions (Briffa et al, 2001). Some transient coherent temperature variations are expected (e.g.…”

Section: Long Temperature Series In European Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term climate change and surface versus underground temperature measurements in Paris

et al. 2005

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Careful temperature measurements performed from 1783 to 1852 in underground galleries, 28 m below the Paris Observatory, are compared with current measurements performed in a limestone quarry, 20 m below ground surface, and with local and European surface temperature records. When averaged using a backward 11-year moving window, the surface temperature time series looks similar and exhibits the already well-known 1°C temperature increase over the last century. In addition, since about 1987, a steeper increase of about 0.07°C per year is noticed on all surface records. Underground temperatures, unaffected by surface fluctuations and averaging procedures, show a 0.9°C increase and thus confirm the trend indicated by the surface records. The averaged time series of the temperature in Paris and of the Wolf number, an indicator of sunspot activity, were reasonably well correlated till 1987 but deviated significantly from each other after that date. The long-term connection between surface temperature and solar cycles is further supported by a temporal analysis of the frequency content at 11 years and 5.5 years. Visual correlations between temperature and sunspot numbers, unconvincing when using recent records, appear more striking with underground data from 1783 to 1852. This analysis suggests that solar activity played an important role in temperature changes till the last century, but that different processes, possibly related to human-induced changes in the climate system, have been taking place lately with increasing intensity, especially since 1987.

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“…This has lead to many local, regional, and global studies (e.g. Huang et al, 2000;Harris and Chapman, 2001;Gosselin and Mareschal, 2003;Beltrami and Bourlon, 2004;Pollack and Smerdon, 2004;Pickler et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate trends in northern Ontario and Québec from borehole temperature profiles

2016

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Abstract. The ground surface temperature histories of the past 500 years were reconstructed at 10 sites containing 18 boreholes in northeastern Canada. The boreholes, between 400 and 800 m deep, are located north of 51 • N and west and east of James Bay in northern Ontario and Québec. We find that both sides of James Bay have experienced similar ground surface temperature histories with a warming of 1.51 ± 0.76 K during the period of 1850 to 2000, similar to borehole reconstructions for the southern portion of the Superior Province and in agreement with available proxy data. A cooling period corresponding to the Little Ice Age was found at only one site. Despite permafrost maps locating the sites in a region of discontinuous permafrost, the ground surface temperature histories suggest that the potential for permafrost was minimal to absent over the past 500 years. This could be the result of air surface temperature interpolation used in permafrost models being unsuitable to account for the spatial variability of ground temperatures along with an offset between ground and air surface temperatures due to the snow cover.

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Ground warming patterns in the Northern Hemisphere during the last five centuries

Cited by 61 publications

References 31 publications

Numerical studies on the Impact of the Last Glacial Cycle on recent borehole temperature profiles: implications for terrestrial energy balance

Numerical studies on the Impact of the Last Glacial Cycle on recent borehole temperature profiles: implications for terrestrial energy balance

Long-term climate change and surface versus underground temperature measurements in Paris

Climate trends in northern Ontario and Québec from borehole temperature profiles

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