Grounded Voltage Controlled Positive Resistor with Ultra Low Power Consumption

Wide‐range current‐controlled grounded resistor realization: A new application of the CMOS translinear elements

“…ii. It is capable of operating at lower voltage as compared to all the previously reported architectures of grounded resistors except Yuce et al 11 iii. The measured resistance stays constant throughout a tunable frequency range of about 500 Hz to 50 MHz as compared to those of literature, 9,17 all of which have a smaller tuning range.…”

“…iv. The simulated resistor consumes less power as compared to all the previously reported circuits except Yuce et al 11 v. The input voltage range of the proposed configuration is limited; however, the main aim of the authors is to devise a CMOS-based wide-range tunable current-controlled grounded resistor (CCGR) operating at low voltage. Besides the very wide range of the resistance realized, the circuit also exhibits high linearity, wide operating frequency range, and capability of operating with low supply voltage and low power consumption, resulting in performance that is even better than the BJT-based CCGRs such as the ones presented in previous works.…”

“…For pnp type TE, V 0 BX is negative of that given in Equation (11). Therefore, the substitution of Equation (11) in Equation ( 8) and some mathematical rearrangements yield:…”

CMOS linear voltage‐controlled positive/negative floating resistance configuration and its application in realising a voltage controllable all‐pass filter

“…Consequently, there has been a lot of research during the past four decades on this topic leading to circuits realising grounded VCRs such as those in refs. [1][2][3][4][5][6] (and the references cited in) and floating VCRs such as those in refs. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

CMOS Voltage-Controlled Negative Resistance Realization

“…In earlier works, there are some VCR circuits which were devised based upon the use of JFETs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]17,18,26,28,30] while some current-controlled resistances using BJTs have also been proposed such as those in [8,9]. On the other hand, the grounded VCRs proposed in [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][21][22][23][24] employ MOS transistors operating in triode/saturation regions in which those operating in the former regime exhibit a square nonlinearity in the expression of their drain current which is canceled with an appropriately devised additional MOS-transistors-based circuitry. Many such linearized VCRs or more general linearized voltage-controlled impedances based upon such ideas of nonlinearity-cancellation have also been formulated with the help of a variety of analog building blocks such as operational amplifiers [2][3][4][5]7,17,18], Operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA) [19], second-generation Current Conveyors (CCII) as in [6] (also see [7] and [26]), current feedback op-amps (CFOA) along with a JFET/MOSFET and a few resistors, as in [28,30] and CFOAs and an analog multiplier as in [29].…”