Groundwater calcrete deposits in Australia some observations from Western Australia

Mann, A.; Horwitz, R.C.

doi:10.1080/00167617908729092

Cited by 141 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In more dissected regions, groundwater calcretes commonly cap mesas, thus revealing their high resistance to erosion (Mann and Horwitz 1979). Being more resistant to erosion than the rest of the overlying La Coulde Formation, it was therefore more widely preserved during preBonaventure erosion.…”

Section: Perce-beach Calcretementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Quaternary groundwater calcretes are abundantly recorded in Australia where they are laterally associated with gypsum-rich playa-sequences (Mann and Horwitz 1979;Arakel and McConchie 1982;Jacobson et al 1988;Arakel et al 1989). If evaporite patches remain, they would most probably be under Chaleur Bay or under the thick Bonaventure Formation sequence that extends south-southwest of the Cap Blanc Fault (Fig.…”

Section: Discussion Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore not possible to determine whether the fan was connected to a lake, a sea or an alluvial plain. However, a fan-delta model would partly explain some of the non-arid features of the La Coulee Formation and perhaps even the extensive calcretization that has affected it: since groundwater calcretes tend to develop in drainage systems where the water table is very close to the surface, their formation usually occurs in proximity to a body of water, very often close to salt lakes and playas, in the groundwater discharge zone where fresh and saline waters mix (Mann and Horwitz 1979;Arakel and McConchie 1982;Jacobson et al 1988;Arakel et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussion Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In modem records, such massive groundwater calcretization appears to be systematically associated with the presence of salt (Mann and Horwitz 1979;Arakel and McConchie 1982;Jacobson et al 1988;Arakel et al 1989). Is mixing with saline water required for the development of such thick non-pedogenic 'hardpans'?…”

Section: Discussion Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abundant intraclasts o f calcrete are also typical of groundwater calcretes (Mann and Horwitz 1979;Arakel and McConchie 1982;Arakel et al 1989;Wright and Tucker 1991), although brecciation also appears in pedogenic forms but is then usually root-induced (Wright and Tucker 1991).…”

Section: Groundwater Calcrete Facies (0-11 Metres)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The La Coulée Formation, a new post-Acadian continental clastic unit bearing groundwater calcretes, Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec

Jutras

Prichonnet

Bitter

1999

atgeol

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A 1 km2 erosional remnant of the La Coulee Formation, a previously unrecognized stratigraphic unit, has been studied in the Percd area of the Gaspe Peninsula. It unconformably overlies folded Cambrian to Devonian rocks and is unconformably overlain by the mid-Carboniferous Bonaventure Formation. The erosional remnant includes the lowest 60 m of this newly identified formation of unknown thickness. Original sedimentary facies are limited to 50 m of breccia debris flows passing stratigraphically upward into 10 m of conglomeratic debris flows. Groundwater calcrete formation has partially or completely transformed the lowest 30 m of the sequence. The depositional environment is interpreted as being related to a proximal continental alluvial fan. The nearby presence of a saline body of water is inferred to account for thick and massive groundwater calcrete formation and water-saturated debris flows in a relatively arid climatic context. Most of the formation was eroded prior to deposition of the Bonaventure Formation. However, the basal groundwater calcretes were more widely preserved. They underlie the Bonaventure Formation in most of the Percd area and in the Saint-Elzear area, close to a hundred kilometres to the southwest. Post-sedimentary faulting has affected both the La Coulde and Bonaventure formations.La Formation de La Coulee, une unite stratigraphique nouvellement repertoride, a etd etudiee a l'interieur d'une masse residuelle de lkm2 dans la region de Percd en Gaspdsie. La sequence recouvre en discordance des roches plissees du Ddvonien Inferieur et elle est recouverte en discordance par la Formation de Bonaventure qui est attribude au Carbonifdre moyen. La masse residuelle inclue les 60 premiers mdtres de cette formation nouvellement identifide et d'une dpaisseur inconnue. Les facids sedimentaires originels sont limitds k cinquante metres de coulees de ddbris brdchiques, passant a une dizaine de mdtres de couldes de ddbris conglomdratiques. La formation d'une calcrete phrdatique affecte les premiers 30 mdtres de la sdquence, lesquels sont en partie ou compldtement transformds. L'environnement sddimentaire est interprdtd comme dtant lid k un c6ne de ddjection continental dans sa partie proximale, mais la prdsence non-lointaine d'un plan d'eau salde est suggdrde pour expliquer la formation de calcretes phrdatiques epaisses et massives, ainsi que la saturation en eau des couldes de ddbris dans un contexte climatique relativement aride. La formation a presqu'entidrement dtd drodde avant que ne survienne la sddimentation de la Formation de Bonaventure. Toutefois, la base de calcrete a dtd plus largement prdservde, ce qui fait qu'on la retrouve sous la Formation de Bonaventure presque partout dans la rdgion de Percd ainsi que dans la rdgion de Saint-Elzdar, k presqu'une centaine de kilomdtres au sud-ouest. Des failles post-sedimentaires ont affectd a la fois la Formation de La Coulde et la Formation de Bonaventure.

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Section: Perce-beach Calcretementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussion Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Groundwater Calcrete Facies (0-11 Metres)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The La Coulée Formation, a new post-Acadian continental clastic unit bearing groundwater calcretes, Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec

Jutras

Prichonnet

Bitter

1999

atgeol

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Dual mechanisms for the formation of fluvial silcretes in the distal reaches of the Okavango Delta fan, Botswana

Shaw

Nash

1998

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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Silcretes exposed within river-marginal or valley settings have been described in a number of studies, but few models have been suggested for the development of these 'fluvial' silcretes. An exception is that proposed by McCarthy and Ellery (Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1995, Vol. A65, pp. 77-90) to describe mechanisms of early stage near-surface silica diagenesis in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. This paper describes the characteristics and possible origins of massive surface and sub-surface silcretes at Samedupe and Boro Junction, beyond the distal margin of the Okavango Delta and further downstream than the sites described by McCarthy and Ellery. Morphological and petrological evidence from surface exposures and three sedimentary cores suggests that other modes of formation may also be applicable. A dual model of formation is proposed: surface silcretes are suggested to have developed by silica accumulation in seasonal pools remaining after the annual Okavango flood, whilst sub-surface horizons appear to have formed under conditions of varying pH associated with fluctuating groundwater levels beneath the channel floor. This model is reviewed in the context of the fluvial silcrete debate.

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Multiple calcrete profiles in the Tabernas Basin, southeast Spain: their origins and geomorphic implications

Nash

Smith

1998

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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This paper describes a sequence of Pliocene(?) to Quaternary age calcretes developed within alluvial fan and fluvial gravels in the Tabernas Basin, Almería Province, southeast Spain. Calcrete profiles are described from sites adjacent to major tributaries of the Rambla de Tabernas. Six distinct calcrete units are identified within the basin. These have variable distributions but have developed in an identifiable evolutionary sequence. Two pairs of calcrete units are widely present across the basin preserving two former land surfaces. Each of the former land surfaces has been planated and subsequently buried by alluvial fan or fluvial gravels. A massive calcrete unit is present at the base of each gravel sequence, immediately in contact with the underlying bedrock, with a less well developed calcrete unit situated at the top of the gravel sequence. The lowest two calcrete units within the basin are more spatially restricted and are confined to the floors and flanks of incised drainage lines.The geochemistry, macro-and micromorphological properties and geomorphological positions of the calcrete units are outlined and, on the basis of this information, their mode of origin identified. Two main modes of calcrete genesis appear to be present: massive calcretes situated in direct contact with bedrock are suggested to have formed by groundwater processes, whilst calcretes situated at the top of gravel sequences are likely to have developed by pedogenic processes. Calcrete genesis is subsequently considered in the context of the reconstruction of the early phases of landscape development, and is suggested to have been controlled by phases of uplift and stability within the Tabernas Basin.

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Groundwater calcrete deposits in Australia some observations from Western Australia

Cited by 141 publications

References 10 publications

The La Coulée Formation, a new post-Acadian continental clastic unit bearing groundwater calcretes, Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec

The La Coulée Formation, a new post-Acadian continental clastic unit bearing groundwater calcretes, Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec

Dual mechanisms for the formation of fluvial silcretes in the distal reaches of the Okavango Delta fan, Botswana

Multiple calcrete profiles in the Tabernas Basin, southeast Spain: their origins and geomorphic implications

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Groundwater calcrete deposits in Australia some observations from Western Australia

Cited by 141 publications

References 10 publications

The La Coul&#xE9;e Formation, a new post-Acadian continental clastic unit bearing groundwater calcretes, Gasp&#xE9; Peninsula, Quebec

The La Coul&#xE9;e Formation, a new post-Acadian continental clastic unit bearing groundwater calcretes, Gasp&#xE9; Peninsula, Quebec

Dual mechanisms for the formation of fluvial silcretes in the distal reaches of the Okavango Delta fan, Botswana

Multiple calcrete profiles in the Tabernas Basin, southeast Spain: their origins and geomorphic implications

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Product

Resources

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The La Coulée Formation, a new post-Acadian continental clastic unit bearing groundwater calcretes, Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec

The La Coulée Formation, a new post-Acadian continental clastic unit bearing groundwater calcretes, Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec