Groundwater Environment in Delhi, India

Sarkar, Aveek; Ali, Shakir; Kumar, Suman; Shekhar, Shashank; Rao, S. V. N.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803166-7.00005-2

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Punjab and Haryana states also experience highest rate of groundwater abstraction in the world (Van Dijk et al, 2016) The total groundwater abstraction from the Indo Gangetic basin is about 205 m 3 , which amounts to 20-25 % of total global groundwater abstraction (MacDonald et al, 2015). In recent years the groundwater level decline linked to over-exploitation, have been mostly noticed in aquifers of Indo-Gangetic Plains, occupying north-western states of India like Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Delhi (Sarkar et al, 2016;MacDonald et al, 2015;Dasgupta et al, 2014;Saha et al, 2010;Tiwari et al, 2009;Rodell et al, 2009;Chatterjee et al, 2009). More than 80 % of the groundwater abstraction is for agriculture.…”

Section: Hydrogeological Investigations In Indo-gangabrahamputra Plainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Indo-Gangetic Plains, groundwater quality shows wide spatial variation (Sarkar and Shekhar, 2015;Sarkar and Shekhar, 2013). Arsenic contamination (Saha and Sahu, 2016;Jangle et al, 2016;Chakraborti et al, 2016;Alam et al, 2016;Shah, 2015;Mukherjee et al, 2015a;Sahu and Saha, 2014b;Saha and Shukla, 2013;Shah, 2013;Singh et al, 2013a;Raju, 2012aRaju, , 2012bMukherjee et al, 2012a;Dubey et al, 2012;Saha et al, 2011;Mukherjee et al, 2011e;Kumar et al, 2010;Shah, 2010;Saha, 2009;Saha et al, 2009) and elevated concentration of fluoride (Ali et al, 2016;Sarkar and Shekhar, 2015;Shekhar and Sarkar, 2013;Raju et al, 2009;Saxena and Ahmed, 2003) in groundwater along with salinity has been identified as the major quality issue .…”

Section: Hydrogeological Investigations In Indo-gangabrahamputra Plainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapid urbanization and exponential increase in extraction of groundwater in urban areas have necessitated studies on urban hydrogeology in cities like Bangaluru (Majumdar, 2012), Chennai (Raju et al, 2013b), Varanasi (Raju et al, 2011) and Delhi (Chatterjee et al, 2009;Sarkar et al, 2016). Most of the urban centres have tendency to overexploit groundwater resources.…”

Section: Urban Hydrogeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reddy and Gunaseker (2013) studied the groundwater quality in coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh and its impact on human health particularly the kidney. Sarkar et al (2016) use DPSIR (Drivers, Pressures, State, Impacts, and Responses) approach and successfully evaluated the groundwater environment of Delhi. Further, Shekhar et al (2015) explained various ways of groundwater management in North district of NCT Delhi.…”

Section: Coastal Aquifersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Hydrogeological Research in India

Saha¹,

Shekhar²,

Ali³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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The hydrogeological setup of India represents a wide variation, from rugged Himalayan mountainous region in the north, extensive Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra floodplain and deltaic region in the central and eastern part, aeolian-alluvial deposits in the west, vast basalt flows in the west central part, gently undulating central and southern region underlain by Precambrian crystalline, sedimentary and metamorphic, coastal deposits along the east coast etc.The research on hydrogeology has got special socioeconomic significance because India is now the largest extractor of groundwater in the world. The impact of overexploitation of the resource is surfacing in large parts of the country, in the form of lowering of water level, dwindling yield of well and deterioration in water quality.In recent years, extensive studies have been carried out in this field of geoscience. We have discussed these in different segments, after enumerating the broad hydrological framework of India. The segments are 1. Hydrogeological investigations in Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plains holding one of the potential aquifer systems 2. Groundwater chemistry and contamination issues in Peninsular India 3. Urban hydrogeology 4. Groundwater modeling 5. Ground water exploration 6. Groundwater recharge and associated quality issues 7. Remote sensing and GIS applications 8. Coastal aquifers and 9. Groundwater management.It is observed that the potential groundwater reserve in the Indo-Gangetic basin and the Peninsular part of India has two serious issues: 1. Overexploitation of groundwater mainly in the western and north western parts and also in southern peninsular India in pockets and 2. Groundwater quality deterioration by anomalous concentration of arsenic, fluoride and salinity. The findings of the research will help in understanding the hydrogeological complexities in its entire gamut and also offers insight into the ways for sustainable management of groundwater resource of the country.

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Section: Hydrogeological Investigations In Indo-gangabrahamputra Plainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogeological Investigations In Indo-gangabrahamputra Plainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urban Hydrogeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coastal Aquifersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Hydrogeological Research in India

Saha¹,

Shekhar²,

Ali³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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“…The data were analysed using type-curve approach developed by Boulton 9 . Hydraulic conductivity was estimated 10 as ~14 m/day and specific yield as 0.24.…”

Section: Stress Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Solution for City Water:Quality Drinking Water from the River Floodplains

Soni

Shekhar

Rao³

et al. 2018

Current Science

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MANY parts of the world and India are poised for water jeopardy. For example, most parts of northwestern and peninsular India, northern China and California, USA are water-stressed 1,2 . In many parts of India groundwater levels are down by about 20 m and rivers are overused and silted and cannot be exploited further. Silt and sewage-infested riverbeds can be the cause of natural catastrophes -a recent ones being the flood in Kashmir and Chennai.Cities need to find a solution for sourcing water that is not injurious to the planet. For example, a dam is hugely invasive for the mountain ecology and the rivers, and needs a large-scale resettlement of the people. Tertiary recycling of wastewater, good for just kitchen use and not drinking, is expensive. In a city, there is no space for large reservoirs, which would anyway lose about 2 m of water every year by evaporation 3 . It is crucial to find a new source of water and use it non-invasively as a perennial resource.The floodplains of the Himalayan river systems are extensive sandy aquifers that are 5-20 km wide and on an average about 100 m deep, and run for hundreds or even thousands of kilometres along the rivers 4 . The floodplains are a huge natural storage of quality water without any evaporation losses.India receives 80% of its rainfall in about three months during monsoon 5 . This recharges the floodplains of the rivers on an annual basis. Here we show that for a large number of cities by the rivers, an ecologically safe use of such rainfall recharge can provide a non-invasive solution for city water.To be sustainable and perennial, it is crucial that we do not use any more water than is naturally recharged. In this study we examine in detail, the hydrology of floodplain aquifers of River Yamuna and work out the quantum of natural recharge in the northern part of its floodplain in Delhi. From this we work out an ecological process for a local, perennial and sustainable supply of quality water for Delhi, and other towns and cities located near the floodplains of a river.Till now the floodplains have been used randomly without any detailed research and study. Often this has resulted in indiscriminate use, terminally polluting such aquifers. Hence, in this study we work out an ecologically safe process for sustainable water use from these aquifers.

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