Groundwater exploitation and hydraulic parameter estimation for a Quaternary aquifer in Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania

Mjemah, Ibrahimu Chikira; Camp, Marc Van; Walraevens, Kristine

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.03.009

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As no data were collected from the south border of the plain, the groundwater in the recharge area is expected to have the same composition as the freshwater samples collected from a nearby high topographic region, where the freshest water sample (i.e., sample TJ17) is considered as a reference sample to the composition of freshwater coming from the south. The recharge water in this sample has a high concentration of Ca 2+ and HCO 3 − as a result of calcite dissolution.…”

Section: Ion Deviation From Conservative Freshwater/seawater Mixingmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The fact that coastal zones contain some of the most densely populated areas in the world makes the need for freshwater even more acute [1]. The intensive extraction of groundwater from coastal aquifers reduces freshwater outflow to the sea and creates local water table depression, causing seawater to migrate inland and rising toward the wells [2][3][4], resulting in deterioration in groundwater quality. This phenomenon, called seawater intrusion, has become one of the major constraints imposed on groundwater utilization in coastal areas.…”

Section: Overview Saltwater Intrusion Into Coastal Aquifersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ions in infiltrating rainfall near the coast are often derived from sea spray, and only Ca 2+ and HCO 3 − are added due to calcite dissolution [64]. All other ions are thus ascribed to seawater admixture.…”

Section: Ion Deviation From Conservative Freshwater/seawater Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is reflected in the increase of the Na/Cl ratio, and formation of the NaHCO 3 water type, which is typical for freshening. The anion HCO 3 − is not affected because natural sediments behave as cation exchanger at the usual near-natural pH of groundwater [64]. The freshening process can be schematized as follows [73]:…”

Section: Hydrochemical Profile and Water Classification According To mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CaCl results from cation exchange, due to mixing with seawater. Towards the south, CaMgMix(ClHCO 3 ) evolving further inland to CaMgMix(HCO 3 Cl), indicates the location of the transition zone, where the groundwater changes from CaMgMix enriched with Cl − ion to CaMix with HCO 3 − as the dominant anion. The CaSO 4 water type observed in western Tripoli, up to about 14 km inland, shows the dissolution of the evaporitic rocks from the sebkha deposits.…”

Section: Hydrochemical Profile and Water Classification According To mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater Overexploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Alfarrah

Walraevens

2018

Water

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252

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Abstract:The exploitation of groundwater resources is of high importance and has become very crucial in the last decades, especially in coastal areas of arid and semi-arid regions. The coastal aquifers in these regions are particularly at risk due to intrusion of salty marine water. One example is the case of Tripoli city at the Mediterranean coast of Jifarah Plain, North West Libya. Libya has experienced progressive seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers since the 1930s because of its ever increasing water demand from underground water resources. Tripoli city is a typical area where the contamination of the aquifer in the form of saltwater intrusion is very developed. Sixty-four groundwater samples were collected from the study area and analyzed for certain parameters that indicate salinization and pollution of the aquifer. The results demonstrate high values of the parameters Electrical Conductivity, Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Cl − and SO 4 2− , which can be attributed to seawater intrusion, where Cl − is the major pollutant of the aquifer. The water types according to the Stuyfzand groundwater classification are mostly CaCl, NaCl and Ca/MgMix. These water types indicate that groundwater chemistry is changed by cation exchange reactions during the mixing process between freshwater and seawater. The intensive extraction of groundwater from the aquifer reduces freshwater outflow to the sea, creates drawdown cones and lowering of the water table to as much as 25 m below mean sea level. Irrigation with nitrogen fertilizers and domestic sewage and movement of contaminants in areas of high hydraulic gradients within the drawdown cones probably are responsible for the high NO 3 − concentration in the region.

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Section: Ion Deviation From Conservative Freshwater/seawater Mixingmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Overview Saltwater Intrusion Into Coastal Aquifersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ion Deviation From Conservative Freshwater/seawater Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrochemical Profile and Water Classification According To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrochemical Profile and Water Classification According To mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Groundwater Overexploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Alfarrah

Walraevens

2018

Water

Self Cite

252

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Climate Change Effects on Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Dar es Salaam: Developing Exposure Scenarios for Vulnerability Assessment

Faldi

Rossi

2014

Springer Climate

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Enhancing Protection of Dar es Salaam Quaternary Aquifer: Groundwater Recharge Assessment

Mtoni

Mjemah

Camp

et al. 2011

Advances in the Research of Aquatic Environment

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Groundwater exploitation and hydraulic parameter estimation for a Quaternary aquifer in Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania

Cited by 43 publications

References 3 publications

Groundwater Overexploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Groundwater Overexploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Climate Change Effects on Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Dar es Salaam: Developing Exposure Scenarios for Vulnerability Assessment

Enhancing Protection of Dar es Salaam Quaternary Aquifer: Groundwater Recharge Assessment

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