Groundwater flood or groundwater-induced flood?

Robins, Nick; Finch, J.W.

doi:10.1144/1470-9236/10-040

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Investigating flood generation in a carbonate catchment is of great interest because it is highly controlled by SW/GW interactions. Following Robins and Finch (), a true GW flood—where the GW level rises above ground surface—is distinguished from a GW‐induced flood—which occurs as an intense GW discharge through springs and permeable shallow horizons into SWs. These types of flooding notably occur in chalk terrains of Northern Europe (Finch et al, ; Hughes et al, ; Morris, Cobby, Zaidman, & Fisher, ; Pinault et al, ; Thiéry, Amraoui, & Noyer, ), where extreme events were caused by exceptionally high GW levels in 2000–2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying peakflow attenuation/amplification in a karst river using the diffusive wave model with lateral flow

Charlier

Moussa

David

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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The aim of this paper is to quantify peakflow attenuation and/or amplification in a river, investigating lateral flow from the intermediate catchment during floods. This is a challenge for the study of the hydrological response of permeable/intermittent streams, and our contribution refers to a modelling framework based on the inverse problem for the diffusive wave model applied in a karst catchment. Knowing the upstream and downstream hydrographs on a reach between two stations, we can model the lateral one, given information on the hydrological processes involved in the intermediate catchment. The model is applied to 33 flood events in the karst reach of the Iton River in French Normandy where peakflow attenuation is observed. The monitored zone consists of a succession of losing and gaining reaches controlled by strong surface‐water/groundwater (SW/GW) interactions. Our results show that despite a high baseflow increase in the reach, peakflow is attenuated. Model application shows that the intensity of lateral outflow for the flood component is linked to upstream discharge. A combination of river loss and overbank flow for highest floods is proposed for explaining the relationships. Our approach differentiates the role of outflow (river loss and overbank flow) and that of wave diffusion on peakflow attenuation. Based on several sets of model parameterization, diffusion is the main attenuation process for most cases, despite high river losses of up to several m3/s (half of peakflow for some parameterization strategies). Finally, this framework gives new insight into the SW/GW interactions during floods in karst basins, and more globally in basins characterized by disconnected river‐aquifer systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying peakflow attenuation/amplification in a karst river using the diffusive wave model with lateral flow

Charlier

Moussa

David

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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“…The former is considered as a true groundwater flood in which the water table rises above the ground elevation, whereas a groundwater-induced flood occurs when intense groundwater discharge via springs and highly permeable shallow horizons discharges to the surface water, causing overbank flooding (Robins & Finch 2012). A similar division is proposed here for lowland karst groundwater systems, wherein flood mechanisms can be broadly divided into those where the damage mechanism is primarily due to either hydrostatic action or hydrodynamic action.…”

Section: Groundwater Flooding Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…From experience in the Chalk aquifers of southern England, Robins & Finch (2012) proposed two distinct types of groundwater flood event: groundwater flooding and groundwater-induced flooding. The former is considered as a true groundwater flood in which the water table rises above the ground elevation, whereas a groundwater-induced flood occurs when intense groundwater discharge via springs and highly permeable shallow horizons discharges to the surface water, causing overbank flooding (Robins & Finch 2012).…”

Section: Groundwater Flooding Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This flood mechanism can be considered as groundwater-induced, in that flooding occurs due to intense groundwater discharge via springs or shallow, highly permeable horizons within the epikarst (Robins & Finch 2012). In lowland karstic systems, a distinction can be made between two discharge scenarios: (1) groundwater springs and risings on the periphery of upland areas exceeding normal discharge levels and causing flooding around and downstream of the resurgence (Fig.…”

Section: Discharge From Springs and Resurgencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater flood hazards and mechanisms in lowland karst terrains

Naughton

McCormack

Gill

et al. 2017

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The spatial and temporal complexities of flooding in karst terrains pose unique challenges in flood risk management. Lowland karst landscapes can be particularly susceptible to groundwater flooding due to a combination of low aquifer storage, high diffusivity and limited or absent surface drainage. Numerous notable groundwater flood events have been recorded in the Republic of Ireland throughout the twentieth century, but flooding during the winters of 2009 and 2015 was the most severe on record, causing widespread and prolonged disruption and damage to property and infrastructure. Effective flood risk management requires an understanding of the recharge, storage and transport mechanisms governing water movement across the landscape during flood conditions. Using information gathered from recent events, the main hydrological and geomorphological factors influencing flooding in these complex lowland karst groundwater systems are elucidated. Observed flood mechanisms included backwater flooding of sinks, high water levels in ephemerally flooded basins (turloughs), overtopping of depressions, and discharges from springs and resurgences. This paper addresses the need to improve our understanding of groundwater flooding in karst terrains to ensure efficient flood prevention and mitigation in the future, and thus helps to achieve the aims of the European Union Floods Directive.Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license.

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“…As a consequence of the rise in the water level in a stream during a flood, surface water temporarily infiltrates the banks of the river and propagates into the aquifer in the opposite direction to that of normal flow. The groundwater table (or piezometric head) rises and may cause one of the reported types of groundwater flood events (CIRIA, 2013;Conant, Robinson, Hinton, & Russell, 2019;Fleckenstein, Krause, Hannah, & Boano, 2010;Robins & Finch, 2012;Sophocleous, 2002):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of uplift hazard due to rising groundwater level during floods

Julínek

Duchan

Říha

2020

J Flood Risk Management

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European Directive 2007/60/EC only briefly mentions the problem of hazard arising due to groundwater flooding, and techniques for the mapping of hazard occuring due to rising groundwater have not yet been scientifically developed. The groundwater-related threats that occur during floods may include concentrated leakage of groundwater behind levees, heave, or potential uplift of the topsoil layer at the protected area. The hazard corresponding to rising groundwater level depends on a number of factors related to the flood course, groundwater regime, geology, and topology of the protected area. The limit state approach is applied to the assessment and mapping of hazard induced by rising groundwater level in the area behind flood protection barriers, and the contributing factors are discussed, quantified, and incorporated into the limit state condition for topsoil layer uplift (UPL). An over-design factor is expressed as a function of the spatial coordinates (x, y). Data from geological and hydrogeological surveys and groundwater flow modelling are used to evaluate individual terms in the limit state condition. Uncertainties in the input data are expressed via partial factors. Data collection and their geographic information systems analysis completed with hydraulic modelling are crucial techniques in the hazard mapping of potential UPL during floods. The article includes a case study featuring a flood protection scheme for a shopping centre in the city of Brno, Czech Republic.

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Groundwater flood or groundwater-induced flood?

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Quantifying peakflow attenuation/amplification in a karst river using the diffusive wave model with lateral flow

Quantifying peakflow attenuation/amplification in a karst river using the diffusive wave model with lateral flow

Groundwater flood hazards and mechanisms in lowland karst terrains

Mapping of uplift hazard due to rising groundwater level during floods

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