Groundwater flow along and across structural folding: an example from the Judean Desert, Israel

Ben-Itzhak, Leehee Laronne; Gvirtzman, Haim

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.009

Cited by 79 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Several authors describe the spring areas of Ein Feshkha, Kane/Samar, Qedem and Ein Gedi (Fig. 1) indicated by terrestrial springs and abundant vegetation along the western coast (Guttman 2000;Laronne Ben-Itzhak and Gvirtzman 2005;Mallast et al 2011). In contrast (and with the exception of Wadi Zara), vegetation that could indicate shallow groundwater availability directly is not observed along the eastern coast.…”

Section: Study Area and Groundwater Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second site (C7), located in discharge area C, is characterised by small DT values of 6.3-8.5°C. The extent parallel to the coast is *2 km with an orthogonal extent of *200 m. A1 and C7 correspond to the spring areas of Ein Feshkha and Samar, respectively, which are known to have several terrestrial springs (white dots) discharging 82-94 9 10 6 m 3 a -1 for Ein Feshkha and 19-35 9 10 6 m 3 a -1 for Samar (note that the numbers originate from the IHS measurements and represent the minimum and maximum numbers between 2004 and 2011) (Guttman 2000;Laronne Ben-Itzhak and Gvirtzman 2005;IHS 2012). The fact that both thermally detected sites spatially correspond to locations of in situ spring measurements distinctively validates thermally inferred groundwater discharge sites.…”

Section: Identification Of Groundwater Inflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are either based on water/mass balance calculations or groundwater modelling. Common to all calculations, however, are rigid ratios of discharge volumes between the spring areas (Asmar and Ergenzinger 2002;Laronne Ben-Itzhak and Gvirtzman 2005). In response to the increasing demands on groundwater resources, the Israel Hydrological Service (IHS) initiated a measurement program on the western coast of the DS to monitor discharges from the main spring areas, Ein Feshkha, Kane and Samar either annually or biannually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localisation and temporal variability of groundwater discharge into the Dead Sea using thermal satellite data

et al. 2013

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The semi-arid region of the Dead Sea heavily relies on groundwater resources. This dependence is exacerbated by both population growth and agricultural activities and demands a sustainable groundwater management. Yet, information on groundwater discharge as one main component for a sustainable management varies significantly in this area. Moreover, discharge locations, volume and temporal variability are still only partly known. A multi-temporal thermal satellite approach is applied to localise and semi-quantitatively assess groundwater discharge along the entire coastline. The authors use 100 Landsat ETM ? band 6.2 data, spanning the years between 2000 and 2011. In the first instance, raw data are transformed to sea surface temperature (SST). To account for groundwater intermittency and to provide a seasonally independent data set DT (maximum SST range) per-pixel within biennial periods is calculated subsequently. Groundwater affected areas (GAA) are characterised by DT \ 8.5°C. Unaffected areas exhibit values[10°C. This allows the exact identification of 37 discharge locations (clusters) along the entire Dead Sea coast, which spatially correspond to available in situ discharge observations. Tracking the GAA extents as a direct indicator of groundwater discharge volume over time reveals (1) a temporal variability correspondence between GAA extents and recharge amounts, (2) the reported rigid ratios of discharge volumes between different spring areas not to be valid for all years considering the total discharge, (3) a certain variability in discharge locations as a consequence of the Dead Sea level drop, and finally (4) the assumed flushing effect of old Dead Sea brines from the sedimentary body to have occurred at least during the two series of

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Section: Study Area and Groundwater Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Groundwater Inflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localisation and temporal variability of groundwater discharge into the Dead Sea using thermal satellite data

et al. 2013

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“…Both are hydraulically separated by the Bet Meir Formation, forming an aquiclude composed of clay, marl and chalk with varying thickness (Laronne Ben-Itzhak and Gvirtzman, 2005). Hence, and as a result of the eastwards inclination of the rocks, the L-JGA becomes confined towards the Dead Sea while the U-JGA is entirely phreatic.…”

Section: Hydrogeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The southwardlocated spring areas Kane, Samar and Darga exhibit similar (Guttman, 2000) and (Laronne Ben-Itzhak and Gvirtzman, 2005) and the groundwater level contour map are added (Groundwater level extrapolated refers to the insecurity of only three water wells in the southern area taken from Arad, 1966;Vengosh et al, 2007) characteristics. These areas are mainly fed by groundwater that follows ESE oriented flow-paths and partly NE trending groundwater, which most likely flows only towards the Darga springs.…”

Section: Site Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of groundwater flow-paths based on semi-automatic extraction of lineaments from remote sensing data

Mallast

Gloaguen

Geyer

et al. 2011

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In this paper we present a semi-automatic method to infer groundwater flow-paths based on the extraction of lineaments from digital elevation models. This method is especially adequate in remote and inaccessible areas where in-situ data are scarce. The combined method of linear filtering and object-based classification provides a lineament map with a high degree of accuracy. Subsequently, lineaments are differentiated into geological and morphological lineaments using auxiliary information and finally evaluated in terms of hydro-geological significance. Using the example of the western catchment of the Dead Sea (Israel/Palestine), the orientation and location of the differentiated lineaments are compared to characteristics of known structural features. We demonstrate that a strong correlation between lineaments and structural features exists. Using Euclidean distances between lineaments and wells provides an assessment criterion to evaluate the hydraulic significance of detected lineaments. Based on this analysis, we suggest that the statistical analysis of lineaments allows a delineation of flow-paths and thus significant information on groundwater movements. To validate the flow-paths we compare them to existing results of groundwater models that are based on well data.

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Natural versus human control on subsurface salt dissolution and development of thousands of sinkholes along the Dead Sea coast

Abelson

Yechieli

Baer

et al. 2017

J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.

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One of the most hazardous results of the human‐induced Dead Sea (DS) shrinkage is the formation of more than 6000 sinkholes over the last 25 years. The DS shrinkage caused eastward retreat of underground brine replaced by fresh groundwater, which in turn dissolved a subsurface salt layer, to generate cavities and collapse sinkholes. The areal growth rate of sinkhole clusters is considered the most pertinent proxy for sinkholes development. Analysis of light detection and ranging, digital elevation models, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar allows translation of the areal growth rate to a salt dissolution rate of the salt layer, revealing two peaks in the history of the salt dissolution rate. These peaks cannot be attributed to the decline of the DS level. Instead, we show that they are related to long‐term variations of precipitation in the groundwater source region, the Judea Mountains, and the delayed response of the aquifer system between the mountains and the DS rift. This response is documented by groundwater levels and salinity variations. We thus conclude that while the DS level decline is the major trigger for sinkholes formation, the rainfall variations more than 30 km to the west dominate their evolution rate. The influence of increasing rainfall in the Judea Mountains reaches the DS at a typical time lag of 4 years, and the resulting increase in the salt dissolution rate lags by a total time of 5–6 years.

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Groundwater flow along and across structural folding: an example from the Judean Desert, Israel

Cited by 79 publications

References 6 publications

Localisation and temporal variability of groundwater discharge into the Dead Sea using thermal satellite data

Localisation and temporal variability of groundwater discharge into the Dead Sea using thermal satellite data

Derivation of groundwater flow-paths based on semi-automatic extraction of lineaments from remote sensing data

Natural versus human control on subsurface salt dissolution and development of thousands of sinkholes along the Dead Sea coast

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